La educación a personas con diabetes mellitus en la atención primaria de salud Education of persons presenting with diabetes mellitus in health primary care
Keywords
Diabetes mellitusprograma cubano de educación en diabetes
atención primaria de salud
Diabetes mellitus
Cuban program of education in diabetes
health primary care
Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology
RC648-665
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La diabetología de finales de siglo asumió la idea clara de que no existe tratamiento eficaz de la diabetes sin educación y entrenamiento de su portador. Pero este proceso educativo no siempre se desarrolla de manera sistemática y, muy frecuentemente, adolece de falta de habilidad en ese otro saber hacer que exige cuidar y enseñar a cuidarse. El Programa Nacional de Diabetes del Sistema Nacional de Salud en Cuba, cuenta con un programa de educación que desarrolla de manera continuada la capacitación del personal de salud para realizar esta función educadora, y pone énfasis en el nivel primario de salud, donde se atiende más del 85 % de las personas con diabetes mellitus. Aunque son pocos los trabajos que publiquen, con rigor científico los logros y dificultades que, en este quehacer, han enfrentado las áreas de salud, se conoce que hay un alto porcentaje de personas con diabetes mellitus no incorporadas al proceso educativo, mal controladas y complicadas. En este sentido, el propósito del presente trabajo es difundir los principios, la estructura y metodología de este programa educativo, así como las orientaciones más generales para su aplicación en la Atención Primaria de Salud, a fin de contribuir a su aplicación efectiva y uniforme en dichos servicios, conscientes de que en cada acto de cuidar está implícita la necesidad de enseñar a cuidarse y que solo aquel que aprenda a cuidarse podrá alcanzar una buena calidad de vida.<br>Diabetes Science of end of this century had the clear idea on non-existence of efficaceous treatment for diabetes without education and training of its carrier. But this educational process is achieved in a systematic way, and frequently, lacks of ability of that another knowledge demanding care and teach on how to care. National Progam of Diabetes of National Health System of Cuba, has a teaching program developing in a continued way, training of health staff to perform this educating function, and emphasizes on primary level of health, where more than 85 % of persons presenting diabetes mellitus is seen. Although there is a lack of papers publishing with a scientific strictness, achievements and difficulties that related with that tasks, have challenged health areas, it is known that there is a high percentage of personas presenting with diabetes mellitus non-involved in educational process, with a poor control, and are complicated. En this context, goal of present paper is to spread principles, structure and methodology of this educational program as well as all directions more general for its application in Primary Care of Health, to contribute to its effective and uniform implementation in such servives, with a deep consciousness of that in each care action is implicit need of teaching to take care one self, and that only a person learning to care herself, will achieves a good cuality of life.Date
2007-04-01Type
ArticleIdentifier
oai:doaj.org/article:81e8287113114329a1fabfdc7a8811c50864-4462
1561-2953
https://doaj.org/article/81e8287113114329a1fabfdc7a8811c5
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Comment on Inzucchi et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2015: A Patient-Centered Approach. Update to a Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2015;38:140-149McCormack, James P.; Martin, Stephen A.; Newman, David H. (eScholarship@UMMS, 2015-09-01)Comment on: Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. [Diabetes Care. 2015]
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Knowledge of diabetic patients about their disease before and after implementing a diabetes education program El conocimiento del paciente diabético sobre su enfermedad, antes y después de la implementación de un programa de educación en diabetes Conhecimento do paciente diabético acerca de sua doença, antes e depois da implementação de um programa de educação em diabetesLiudmila Miyar Otero; Maria Lúcia Zanetti; Michelle Daguano Ogrizio (Universidade de São Paulo, 2008-04-01)The purpose of this quasi-experimental, prospective and comparative study is to evaluate the knowledge that diabetic patients have about their disease before and after implementing a Diabetes Education Program. Fifty-four diabetic patients participated in the study, which occurred from April 2004 to April 2005. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire. The study population was characterized as adult and elderly subjects, with ages between 29 and 78 years; 60 years, on the average; Most participants were female 40/54 (74.1%); white 32/54 (59.3%); married 37/54 (68.5%); retired 23/54 (42.6%); with incomplete primary education 32/54 (59.3%); and an income of one to two minimum wages 16/54 (29.6%). The patients' knowledge regarding their disease increased significantly (p<0.05); especially considering the general topics concerning diabetes mellitus: concept of the disease, physiopathology and treatments; other topics that stood out were physical activity and nutrition.<br>Este es un estudio cuasiexperimental, prospectivo, comparativo; tuvo por objetivo, evaluar el conocimiento de los pacientes diabéticos acerca de su enfermedad antes y después de la implementación de un Programa 1de Educación en Diabetes. Participaron 54 pacientes diabéticos, de abril de 2004 a abril de 2005. Para la recolección de los datos, se utilizó un cuestionario. La población se caracterizó por ser pacientes adultos y ancianos, con edad entre 29 y 78 años, con mediana de 60 años; predominio del sexo femenino 40/54 (74,1%); blancos 32/54 (59,3%); casados 37/54 (68,5%); jubilados 23/54 (42,6%); enseñanza fundamental incompleta 32/54 (59,3%); y renta entre 1 y 2 salarios mínimos 16/54 (29,6%). Con relación al conocimiento de los pacientes acerca de su enfermedad, se constató un aumento significativo (p<0,05), destacándose los tópicos generales de diabetes mellitus: concepto, fisiopatología y tratamiento; otros tópicos importantes fueron la actividad física y la alimentación.<br>É um estudo quase-experimental, prospectivo, comparativo. O objetivo foi avaliar o conhecimento dos pacientes diabéticos acerca da doença, antes e depois da implementação de um Programa de Educação em diabetes. Participaram 54 pacientes diabéticos, de abril de 2004 a abril de 2005. Na coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário. A população caracterizou-se por pacientes adultos e idosos, com idade entre 29 e 78 anos, com mediana de 60 anos, com predomínio do sexo feminino (40/54-74,1%), brancos (32/54-59,3%), casados (37/54-68,5%), aposentados (23/54-42,6%), ensino fundamental incompleto (32/54-59,3%) e renda entre um e dois salários mínimos (16/54-29,6%). Quanto ao conhecimento dos pacientes acerca de sua doença, houve aumento significativo (p<0,05), com destaque para os tópicos gerais do diabetes mellitus: conceito, fisiopatologia e tratamento; outros tópicos destacados foram a atividade física e alimentação.
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Effect of diabetic counseling based on conversation map as compared to routine counseling on diabetes management self-efficacy and diabetic distress among patients with diabetes in Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (study protocol)Rubina Qasim; Sarfaraz Masih; Mehwish Hussain; Akhter Ali; Ajmal Khan; Yousaf Shah; Hakim Shah; Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai (BMC, 2019-07-01)Abstract Background Novel interactive and pictorial health education tool named Diabetes Conversation Map (DCM) might be effective for the improvement of diabetes management self-efficacy (DMSE) and diabetes distress (DD) among diabetic patients in lower middle-income setting. This study protocol will assess the effectiveness of DCM as compared to routine care (RC) to improve DMSE, decrease DD and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods This will be two arms randomized controlled trial, conducted at national institute of diabetes and endocrinology (NIDE) in Karachi, Pakistan. A sample of 120 T2DM patients of age 30–60 years with suboptimal diabetes control will be screened through eligibility criteria and DD screening tool. Patients who fulfill the eligibility criteria and have diabetes distress will be randomized into interventional and control arm. The intervention arm will receive four education sessions (40 min each) using DCM for 4 weeks duration of enrollment. Controlled arm will receive RC. DMSE and DD will be measured using the validated Likert tools at baseline and after 3 months of enrollment. Latest results of HbA1c will be retrieved from the respective medical record files at baseline and 3 months. Change in DMSE, DD scores and HbA1c levels within groups (pre-post) and between the groups after 3 months of enrollment will be compared. Multivariable linear regression will be conducted to adjust for any potential confounders. Discussion In a study in UK, 70% of the patients with diabetes reported DCM had helped them in controlling their diabetes and recommended this method to teach other patients with diabetes also. In China, a study found that patients with diabetes who received DCM based education had significantly lower DD and significantly higher diabetes empowerment score after six months of the intervention as compared to the traditional counselling. A cross sectional study conducted in Pakistan also demonstrated that teaching based on DCM was useful in improving the knowledge, attitude and practices of patients with T2DM. Besides, no other study has evaluated the effectiveness of these novel tools for DMSE and diabetes distress DD in well-designed, sufficiently powered clinical trials. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03747471. Date of registration: Nov 20. 2018. Version and Date of Protocol: Version 1, IRB Approval date 28 June 2018.