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What the Framework Convention on Climate Change Teaches Us About Cooperation on Climate Change"Arild Underdal has been at the center of an important community of scholars studying global environmental governance. Since the 1990s that community, along with many other scholars globally, has offered important insights into the design and management of international institutions that can lead to more effective management of environmental problems. At the same time, diplomats have made multiple attempts to create institutions to manage the dangers of climate change. This essay looks at what has been learned by both communities - scholars and practitioners - as their efforts co-evolved. It appears that despite a wealth of possible insights into making cooperation effective very few of the lessons offered by scholars had much impact during the first two decades of climate change diplomacy. Indeed, basic concepts from cooperation theory and evidence from case studies - many developed in Arild's orbit - can explain why those two decades achieved very little real cooperation. The new Paris agreement may be changing all that and much better reflects insights from scholars about how to build effective international institutions. Success in the Paris process is far from assured and scholars can contribute a lot more with a more strategic view of when and how they have an impact." (author's abstract)
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Recommendations for strengthening the ethical dimension of the UNFCCC negotiating text under the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change"This is the third in a series of posts that examine ethical guidance that nations should follow in climate change negotiations in December in Copenhagen, Denmark at the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP-15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Other posts on this topic have included Ethical Failures of National GHG Emissions Reduction Proposals Approaching Copenhagen, http://climateethics.org/?p=147 and Minimum Ethical Criteria For All Post-Kyoto Regime Proposals: What Does Ethics Require of A Copenhagen Outcome, http://climateethics.org/?p=50. This post is different than previous posts on the Copenhagen agenda in that it does not follow a narrative format but makes specific recommendations on the negotiating text as it exists two months before Copenhagen followed by ethical justifications for these proposed changes. ClimateEthics will examine the Copenhagen negotiating text in more detail as we get closer to Copenhagen. This post examines part of the negotiating text relating to future cooperation of the parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. This negotiating text can be found at: http://maindb.unfccc.int/library/view_pdf.pl? url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/awglca7/eng/inf01a01.pdf. Subsequent posts will examine ethical issues that are also important elements of the negotiating agenda in Copenhagen, including extending emissions reductions targets under the Kyoto Protocol, adaptation funding issues, reducing GHG emissions from deforestation, and technical transfer issues, among others. The recommended changes in the negotiating text in this post are made by representatives of the Earth Charter Council. The mission of the Earth Charter initiative is to promote the transition to sustainable ways of living and a global society founded on a shared ethical framework that includes respect and care for the community of life, ecological integrity, universal human rights, respect for diversity, economic justice, democracy, and a culture of peace. For more information on the Earth Charter Initiative." (p. 1)
