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Repbulic of Chad Poverty Notes : Dynamics of Poverty and Inequality following the Rise of the Oil SectorChad's chronically unstable
 security situation has long undermined broad-based economic
 growth and sustainable poverty reduction. Since independence
 in 1960 Chad has suffered from sporadic political violence
 and ongoing tensions between different factions. The
 country's fragile security has been further compromised
 by interference from neighboring states and spillover
 effects from regional conflicts. However, after rebel
 attacks in 2008 and 2009, and following the recent
 conclusion of a peace agreement between Chad and Sudan, the
 security situation in the country has remained relatively
 calm, presenting a valuable window of opportunity for
 development efforts to take root. The objective of this
 Poverty Note is to examine changes in poverty and inequality
 in Chad since the emergence of the oil sector. It will focus
 on the evolution of poverty indicators from the 2003 pre-oil
 baseline captured in the Chadian Household Consumption and
 Informal Sector Survey, or ECOSIT2 to the more recent
 findings of the 2011 ECOSIT3 and compare current monetary
 and nonmonetary poverty conditions in Chad with those of
 comparable countries. It will go on to assess the impact of
 oil production on the non-oil sectors of the Chadian
 economy. Finally, it will evaluate the extent to which
 public expenditures in the social sectors benefit the poor
 by analyzing the progressivity of social spending.
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China - From Poor Areas to Poor People : China’s Evolving Poverty Reduction Agenda - An Assessment of Poverty and Inequality in ChinaChina's progress in poverty
 reduction over the last 25 years is enviable. One cannot
 fail to be impressed by what this vast nation of 1.3 billion
 people has achieved in so little time. In terms of a wide
 range of indicators, the progress has been remarkable.
 Poverty in terms of income and consumption has been
 dramatically reduced. Progress has also been substantial in
 terms of human development indicators. Most of the
 millennium development goals have either already been
 achieved or the country is well on the way to achieving
 them. As a result of this progress, the country is now at a
 very different stage of development than it was at the dawn
 of the economic reforms at the beginning of the 1980s.
 China's poverty reduction performance has been even
 more striking. Between 1981 and 2004, the fraction of the
 population consuming below this poverty line fell from 65
 percent to 10 percent, and the absolute number of poor fell
 from 652 million to 135 million, a decline of over half a
 billion people. The most rapid declines in poverty, in both
 the poverty rate and the number of poor, occurred during the
 6th, 8th, and 10th plans. During the 7th plan period the
 number of poor actually rose, while in the 9th plan period,
 the poverty rate declined only marginally. But the pace of
 poverty reduction resumed between 2001 and 2004 and there
 are indications that during the first couple of years of the
 11th plan poverty has continued to decline rapidly. The most
 recent official estimate of rural poverty in China for 2007
 puts the number of poor at 14.79 million, or less than 2
 percent of the rural population. While there is no official
 urban poverty line, estimates by others have found poverty
 levels in urban areas to be negligible using an urban
 poverty line that is comparable to the official poverty line
 for rural areas. These estimates thus suggest that only
 about 1 percent of China's population is currently in
 extreme poverty. Notwithstanding this tremendous success,
 the central thesis of this report is that the task of
 poverty reduction in many ways continues and in some
 respects has become more demanding.
-
China - From Poor Areas to Poor People : China’s Evolving Poverty Reduction Agenda - An Assessment of Poverty and Inequality in ChinaChina's progress in poverty
 reduction over the last 25 years is enviable. One cannot
 fail to be impressed by what this vast nation of 1.3 billion
 people has achieved in so little time. In terms of a wide
 range of indicators, the progress has been remarkable.
 Poverty in terms of income and consumption has been
 dramatically reduced. Progress has also been substantial in
 terms of human development indicators. Most of the
 millennium development goals have either already been
 achieved or the country is well on the way to achieving
 them. As a result of this progress, the country is now at a
 very different stage of development than it was at the dawn
 of the economic reforms at the beginning of the 1980s.
 China's poverty reduction performance has been even
 more striking. Between 1981 and 2004, the fraction of the
 population consuming below this poverty line fell from 65
 percent to 10 percent, and the absolute number of poor fell
 from 652 million to 135 million, a decline of over half a
 billion people. The most rapid declines in poverty, in both
 the poverty rate and the number of poor, occurred during the
 6th, 8th, and 10th plans. During the 7th plan period the
 number of poor actually rose, while in the 9th plan period,
 the poverty rate declined only marginally. But the pace of
 poverty reduction resumed between 2001 and 2004 and there
 are indications that during the first couple of years of the
 11th plan poverty has continued to decline rapidly. The most
 recent official estimate of rural poverty in China for 2007
 puts the number of poor at 14.79 million, or less than 2
 percent of the rural population. While there is no official
 urban poverty line, estimates by others have found poverty
 levels in urban areas to be negligible using an urban
 poverty line that is comparable to the official poverty line
 for rural areas. These estimates thus suggest that only
 about 1 percent of China's population is currently in
 extreme poverty. Notwithstanding this tremendous success,
 the central thesis of this report is that the task of
 poverty reduction in many ways continues and in some
 respects has become more demanding.