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Biotechnology Innovation for
 Inclusive Growth : A Study of Indian Policies to Foster
 Accelerated Technology Adaptation for Affordable DevelopmentThis paper describes and analyzes a
 series of complementary policy initiatives in India to adapt
 and commercialize existing global biotechnologies to meet
 local needs in healthcare, agriculture, industry and the
 environment in a more affordable manner. This evolving
 approach has been implemented through six complementary
 elements, namely (1) translational research; (2) technology
 access through global consortia; (3) commercialization
 supported by public-private partnerships, broadly
 interpreted; (4) skills development; (5) regulation; and (6)
 institutional governance, including special purpose
 vehicles, for effective project management. The paper
 focuses on two public-private partnership initiatives, the
 Small Business Innovation Research Initiative and the
 Biotechnology Industry Partnership Program, which together
 have allocated more than US$70 million in public funding to
 almost 150 projects, contributing to a total public-private
 investment of more than $170 million over the past five
 years. The authors' key recommendation, to ensure
 effective resource use and better policy impact, is for
 these innovation-support initiatives to adopt more
 continuous monitoring with quicker feedback from learning to
 implementation, and more rigorous impact evaluation
 including approaches that allow the results of firms
 benefiting from support to be compared with an appropriate
 group of firms not benefiting from support.
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Reviving Sri Lanka's Agricultural Research and Extension System : Towards More Innovation and Market OrientationThis review's objectives were to
 examine the structure and performance of the agricultural
 research and extension systems (public and private) at the
 central and provincial levels, identify successes as well as
 constraints to improving the system s effectiveness for
 fostering innovation, and propose options for further policy
 and institutional development, drawing on lessons from
 international experience. The review focused principally on
 nonplantation crops, although its main recommendations apply
 across the agricultural sector. This synthesis report
 summarizes the main findings of the review and builds upon
 them by adding some new elements. The conflict in Sri Lanka
 is explicitly recognized. Additionally, the implications of
 changes in the wider agricultural context for agricultural
 research and extension are explored, and have led to the
 adoption of an innovation systems perspective to organize
 the major findings
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The Status and Impact of Bio Safety Regulation in Developing Economies Since Ratification of the Cartagena ProtocolThe World development report 2010: development and climate change highlights the link between biotechnology, development, and environment. Aside from recognizing biotechnology's potential to improve crop productivity, increase crop adaptation to climatic stresses such as drought, and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, the report emphasizes the need to establish science-based regulatory systems 'so that risks and benefits can be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, comparing the potential risks with alternative technologies' (World Bank 2010). This paper explores how the Cartagena protocol to the convention on biological diversity, as well as other important drivers, have affected the regulation of Genetically engineered (GE) crops in developing countries. It examines the impact of biosafety regulation on research and development of GE crops and on product approvals. Finally, it identifies opportunities to advance biosafety regulation in those developing countries that wish to access the potential benefits of agricultural biotechnology. As is true for capacity development in other regulatory arenas, progress in biosafety regulation in developing countries is often impeded by limited political and financial commitments from national governments and by insufficient technical, human resource, and institutional capacity for implementation. It is also confounded by competing or redundant capacity building projects and the absence of products to regulate.