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Niger - Accelerating Growth and Achieving the Millennium Development Goals : Diagnosis and the Policy AgendaThis report has the following objectives: (i) identify the underlying constraints to strong and sustained growth, in particular, the dynamic circles that lock Niger in a low-growth/high poverty equilibrium; (ii) understand the key determinants of growth and poverty traps and the role increased foreign aid could play to promote growth and help achieve the MillenniumDevelopment Goals (MDGs); and (iii) help the Government of Niger design a strategy to accelerating growth and human development: Strategy Paper for Human Development (SPAHD). This report is organized as follows: Chapter 1 describes the main features of Niger's economy from a Social Accounting Matrix perspective. It aims to analyze the potential linkages between sectors and the impact a policy shock of an increased public investment could have on Niger's economy. Chapter 2 reviews Niger's growth performance over the past three decades. It draws some policy lessons critical to the design of a growth strategy for Niger. Chapter 3 provides a snapshot of where Niger stands in achieving the MDGs with less than a decade remaining. It examines the reasons why Niger is falling short of the goals, describes the recent progress, and highlights the challenges ahead. Chapter 4 analyzes the constraints to strong and sustained growth with particular focus on poverty traps. Chapter 5 discusses the macro and micro foundations for strong growth and achieving the MDGs. It examines the post stabilization macroeconomic policy required to enhance the macroeconomic foundations of growth. It also identifies the engines of growth and highlights the cross-cutting issues for improving the business environment. In addition, the chapter discusses the role the private sector can play in Niger's quest to achieve the MDGs. Chapter 6 analyzes the potential impact that increased foreign aid would have on growth, poverty, and other MDGs using Niger's macroeconomic model. It focuses mainly on the links between foreign aid, the level and composition of public investment - which is disaggregated into education, infrastructure, and health -- the supply-side effects of public capital, growth, poverty, and other MDGs. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of three policy experiments on growth and the MDGs, including an increase in foreign aid (namely grants), debt relief, and a combined increase in foreign aid and tax reforms. Finally, it highlights the importance of improving governance to maximize the impact of domestic reforms and increased foreign aid on growth and the MDGs. Chapter 7 concludes the report and draws up policy recommendations, highlighting the policy priorities needed to accelerate growth and achieve the MDGs.
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From the International Financial Crisis towards Inclusive Growth in the Dominican RepublicDuring the second half of the year 2008,
 the world experienced the worst worldwide economic crisis in
 over 70 years. The effects deriving from this crisis can
 still be felt over most of the planet. Low or negative
 economic growth in developed nations and emerging economies,
 high levels of unemployment and millions of persons below
 the poverty line, are some of the starkest examples. In the
 Dominican Republic, the effects of this international crisis
 are manifested in the reduction in international trade, the
 drop in tourism and in remittances, and an economic growth
 rate lower than expected. In this regard, the Dominican
 Republic asked the World Bank to prepare nine policy notes
 which are presented in this volume. These notes focus on the
 following topics: 1) long run economic growth in the
 Dominican Republic; 2) ease of doing business; 3) logistics
 for competitiveness; 4) access to financial services with
 emphasis on financing for micro, small and medium
 enterprises (MSMEs); 5) the electricity sector; 6) climate
 change and the Dominican Republic, 7) the health sector, 8)
 territorial development, and 9) accountability and
 performance system. The policy notes presented here argue
 that an inclusive development is possible in the Dominican
 Republic. However, great challenges must be faced to meet
 this goal. From the analysis presented in this volume four
 challenges emerge which must be faced head-on in order to
 achieve sustainable and inclusive development.
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República Dominicana : de la crisis financiera internacional al crecimiento para todosDuring the second half of the year 2008, the world experienced the worst worldwide economic crisis in over 70 years. The effects deriving from this crisis can still be felt over most of the planet. Low or negative economic growth in developed nations and emerging economies, high levels of unemployment and millions of persons below the poverty line, are some of the starkest examples. In the Dominican Republic, the effects of this international crisis are manifested in the reduction in international trade, the drop in tourism and in remittances, and an economic growth rate lower than expected. In this regard, the Dominican Republic asked the World Bank to prepare nine policy notes which are presented in this volume. These notes focus on the following topics: 1) long run economic growth in the Dominican Republic; 2) ease of doing business; 3) logistics for competitiveness; 4) access to financial services with emphasis on financing for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs); 5) the electricity sector; 6) climate change and the Dominican Republic, 7) the health sector, 8) territorial development, and 9) accountability and performance system. The policy notes presented here argue that an inclusive development is possible in the Dominican Republic. However, great challenges must be faced to meet this goal. From the analysis presented in this volume four challenges emerge which must be faced head-on in order to achieve sustainable and inclusive development.