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Botswana Poverty AssessmentLiving conditions of Botswana have improved over the past decade and poverty has reduced significantly. This decrease was accompanied by a considerable decline in both depth and severity of poverty, indicating that consumption has improved among the poor. While rural areas led the poverty reduction, the share of the poor living in urban areas has increased. Botswana’s progress toward reduction of extreme poverty and inequality was among the world’s strongest in the second half of 2000s. During this period, the economic growth has been strongly pro-poor. Botswana is one of the top performers in Africa when measured by annual consumption distribution growth for the bottom 40 percentile. However, despite these noteworthy improvements, inequality remains high. The study concludes that with adequate macro and social policies, and a strong focus on improving equity, Botswana has a historical opportunity to build on recent achievements and move towards eradicating extreme poverty within one generation. The analyses was conducted in close collaboration with the Statistics Botswana, utilizing the data generated through the nationally representative households income and expenditure surveys conducted by Statistics Botswana in 2002/2003 and 2009/2010. The report benefited greatly from the leadership by the Poverty Eradication Unit.
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Tanzania Mainland Poverty AssessmentSince the early 2000s, Tanzania has seen
 remarkable economic growth and strong resilience to external
 shocks. Yet these achievements were overshadowed by the slow
 response of poverty to the growing economy. Until 2007, the
 poverty rate in Tanzania remained stagnant at around 34
 percent despite a robust growth at an annualized rate of
 approximately 7 percent. This apparent disconnect between
 growth and poverty reduction has raised concerns among
 policy makers and researchers, leading to a consensus that
 this mismatch needed to be addressed with a sense of
 urgency. Over the past few years, the National Strategy for
 Growth and Reduction of Poverty (MKUKUTA) in Tanzania has
 given high priority to eradicating extreme poverty and
 promoting broad-based growth. Achieving pro-poor growth has
 also been widely recognized by the World Bank as a critical
 strategy for accelerating progress toward its twin goals of
 eliminating extreme poverty at the global level by 2030 and
 boosting shared prosperity by fostering income growth among
 the bottom 40 percent in every country. The official poverty
 figures announced by the government in November 2013 have
 revealed that the national strategy against poverty has
 begun to facilitate reductions. The basic needs poverty rate
 has declined from around 34 percent to 28.2 percent between
 2007 and 2012, the first significant decline in the last 20
 years. Identifying the policy mechanisms that have helped to
 increase the participation of the poor in the growth process
 and to speed pro-poor growth is therefore important for
 present and future decision-making in Tanzania on how best
 to eradicate poverty. Such task requires a rigorous analysis
 of the evolution of poverty and of the linkages between
 poverty, inequality, and economic growth. This report uses
 the availability of the new Tanzanian Household Budget
 Survey (HBS) for 2011 and 2012, as well as the new rebased
 GDP figures released in December 2014, as an opportunity to
 address these issues. More specifically, the report examines
 the recent trends in poverty and inequality and their
 determinants and explores how responsive poverty reduction
 was to economic growth and the obstacles to achieving it.
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China - From Poor Areas to Poor People : China’s Evolving Poverty Reduction Agenda - An Assessment of Poverty and Inequality in ChinaChina's progress in poverty
 reduction over the last 25 years is enviable. One cannot
 fail to be impressed by what this vast nation of 1.3 billion
 people has achieved in so little time. In terms of a wide
 range of indicators, the progress has been remarkable.
 Poverty in terms of income and consumption has been
 dramatically reduced. Progress has also been substantial in
 terms of human development indicators. Most of the
 millennium development goals have either already been
 achieved or the country is well on the way to achieving
 them. As a result of this progress, the country is now at a
 very different stage of development than it was at the dawn
 of the economic reforms at the beginning of the 1980s.
 China's poverty reduction performance has been even
 more striking. Between 1981 and 2004, the fraction of the
 population consuming below this poverty line fell from 65
 percent to 10 percent, and the absolute number of poor fell
 from 652 million to 135 million, a decline of over half a
 billion people. The most rapid declines in poverty, in both
 the poverty rate and the number of poor, occurred during the
 6th, 8th, and 10th plans. During the 7th plan period the
 number of poor actually rose, while in the 9th plan period,
 the poverty rate declined only marginally. But the pace of
 poverty reduction resumed between 2001 and 2004 and there
 are indications that during the first couple of years of the
 11th plan poverty has continued to decline rapidly. The most
 recent official estimate of rural poverty in China for 2007
 puts the number of poor at 14.79 million, or less than 2
 percent of the rural population. While there is no official
 urban poverty line, estimates by others have found poverty
 levels in urban areas to be negligible using an urban
 poverty line that is comparable to the official poverty line
 for rural areas. These estimates thus suggest that only
 about 1 percent of China's population is currently in
 extreme poverty. Notwithstanding this tremendous success,
 the central thesis of this report is that the task of
 poverty reduction in many ways continues and in some
 respects has become more demanding.