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Geothermal HandbookDeveloping countries face multiple and
 complex challenges in securing affordable and reliable
 energy supplies to support sustainable economic development.
 These challenges can be addressed by increased access to
 modern energy infrastructure, enhanced energy security
 through supply diversification, and transition to low carbon
 paths to meet rising energy demands. There is broad
 consensus that renewable energy has a major role to play in
 addressing these challenges. In recent years, support for
 renewable energy investment has become a mainstream activity
 for multilateral development banks and their clients. The
 World Bank, for instance, has supported geothermal
 development in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America.
 Global analytical work and technical assistance on clean
 energy are also one of the major program areas of the Energy
 Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). This handbook
 is dedicated to geothermal energy as a source of electric
 power for developing countries. Many developing countries
 are endowed with substantial geothermal resources that could
 be more actively put to use. On top of the benefits stemming
 from its renewable nature, geothermal energy has several
 additional advantages, including the provision of stable and
 reliable power at a relatively low cost, around the clock,
 and with few operational or technological risks.
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Handshake, No. 2 (July 2011)This issue includes the following headings: renewable energy: wind and solar; energy efficiency: green building; and green finance: infrastructure finance.
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Caribbean Regional Electricity Supply Options : Toward Greater Security, Renewables and ResilienceThe Caribbean region continues to be plagued by high and volatile fuel prices, with limited economies of scale or diversity in electricity supply. Although several studies have examined alternative resource options for the region, they often only consider solutions for individual countries in isolation. When one looks at the Caribbean, however, it is apparent that the short distances between islands and market sizes present opportunities to benefit from regional solutions. Indeed, increasing interconnection in the Caribbean could pave the way for greater energy security, a larger use of renewable and enhanced climate resilience. The idea of regional interconnections is not new: gas pipelines are widely used to interconnect gas supply with gas demand, and electricity market interconnections have become the norm around the world. However, this option does not appear to have received the attention it merits in the specific context of the Caribbean. While this study analyzes a small subset of the imaginable regional energy options for the Caribbean, it shows that regional solutions warrant further study. This synthesis report builds from the technical report that the World Bank commissioned from Nexant, entitled-Caribbean regional electricity generation, interconnection, and fuels supply strategy. It analyzes a range of regional options. Although further analysis is required, the hope is that this synthesis report will help to fuel the conversation about interconnected development pathways for the Caribbean.