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Ethical Issues of Health Tourism in I.R.IRANNowadays, health tourism is known as an important and growing phenomenon in the world. Since previous decades Iran has been known as one of the famous destinations of health tourism in the Middle East. During recent years some worries about ethical aspects of health tourism has been growing in different parts of the world. In this study, we will try to demonstrate ethical issues around health tourism and its situation in Iran. Our focus will be on three important contexts of health tourism in the country and it includes: organ transplantation assisted reproductive technologies and therapeutic abortion. For our data collection we review all possible sources using related key words in English and Farsi in scientific databases include SID, Pubmed, Magiran, IranMedex, Google Scholar as well as newspapers, online news, web pages and books. Our first search gave us about 230 hints and finally included 57 items in our review based on the papers title and abstract. Our findings show that the existence of some related regulations regarding ethical issues in health tourism encourages some foreigners to seek health services in Iran, there is no appropriate ethical guidelines in the Iranian health system for handling the issue of health tourism. Finally we recommend more experimental works to explore the ethical issues related to health tourism and developing related guidelines.
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Ethics in health technology assessmentHealth Technology Assessment (HTA) a multidisciplinary process that information about medical, social, economic and ethical issues from use of health technologies summarize in a systematic, transparent, unbiased and robust way. It Aimed to create awareness and provide information to formulate proper and effective health policies, that be patient-centered and seeks to achieve best value. The assessment of ethical aspects of health technology as one of the objectives of the HTA is considered. In practice integrating this aspect to the process are still limited. This integration can lead to improved communication between HTA and health policy in both developed and developing countries. Hence, this paper has focused on several points: the concept of HTA; relationship between HTA and ethics, ethical issues in HTA; ethical analysis and the methods used for integrating ethical analysis in HTA.
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The necessity of developing professional codes of ethics in Reproductive Health in IranThe status of reproductive health services has depended on economic, justice and ethics issues. The sexual and reproductive health of women is often violated, not necessarily because of inadequate of medical knowledge, but rather as a result of essential infringements of women’s human rights despite of universally agreement on. Nowadays there has been increasing public concern regarding the ethical performance of health care professionals, so professional codes of ethics should provide several principles including ethical responsibility and obligation, consequences of performance, values, attitudes and cultural backgrounds in health care services. Developing and updating professional codes of ethics is a necessity and it could draw an appropriate ethical guideline in reproductive health services.