Hravé chování u kopytníků

Abstract

Play behaviour is important category in animal´s behaviour in ungulates. In this thesis was compared display play behaviour in this animails: cattle, horse, pig and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis),, black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus),, vicugna (Vicugna vicugna), proghorn (Antilocapra americana) and Cuvier´s gazelle (Gazella cuvieri). According to the available literature play behaviour is divided to 3 main categories: locomotor play, object play and social play. Social play was divided to 2 categories sexual play and play fight. Manifestation of movements was similar in ungulates and there were discribed different types of jumping, runing, biting, mounting and kicking. Movements were affected by external and internal factors as: brain size, age, sex, group size where animal lived and food quality and quantity. Animals played more when they had bigger size of brain, they were younger and male sex, they lived in bigger group in various environments with plenty of feed. Play behaviour functions were separated to zone where game was important. The biggest benefits in research were in motor zone where animals learned manage situation and strengthened their fitness; in sensory zone where animals with game experiences had better developed sense and nerves; in social zone where animals generated social relationship with adult and young animal; and recognize zone where animals got to know their ability and skills. The play behaviour could be to an indicator of welfare.