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Universal Health Coverage for Inclusive and Sustainable Development : Country Summary Report for PeruPeru is an upper middle-income country
 that has experienced fast economic growth (average of 6.9
 percent per year from 2004 to 2013, according World
 Developing Indicators, WDI) combined with a reduction in
 poverty and inequality over the past decade. Economic growth
 was led by exports and domestic demand, generating an
 increase in private investment, attracting foreign capital,
 and strengthening public finances. The population living in
 poverty and extreme poverty fell from 58.7 percent and 16.4
 percent in 2004 to 25.8 percent and 6 percent in 2012,
 respectively (INEI 2014a). Inequality has also decreased,
 with the Gini index declining from 0.503 in 2004 to 0.48.1
 in 2010 (WDI).
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Better Outcomes through Health Reforms in the Russian Federation : The Challenge in 2008 and BeyondThe purpose of this discussion paper is
 to discuss selected health challenges in the Russian
 Federation, focusing on outcomes, expenditures and options
 for policy and institutional reforms in the health care
 system. The areas covered in the paper draw on recent
 studies and reports, and take into account lessons derived
 from the implementation of the World Bank-funded Health
 Reform Implementation Project (HRIP) at the federal level
 and in the Chuvash Republic and the Voronezh Oblast-the
 pilot regions of the project, over the 2005-2007 period.
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The World Bank's Assistance to China's Health SectorFor its level of socioeconomic
 development, China has widely been perceived as a country
 with an enviable record in public health. Recently, there
 are encouraging signs that health has become an important
 priority in the government s agenda, bringing multiple
 government agencies into a more cooperative relationship,
 and providing the Bank greater opportunity to engage the
 country in policy dialogues to more effectively in improve
 health outcomes and financing in a more equitable and
 sustainable way. Since China became a member in 1980, the
 World Bank's program of assistance for health has
 consisted of 11 projects (involving commitments of 808
 million dollars of International Development Association
 (IDA) credits and 139 million dollars of International Bank
 for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) loans) and 3
 economic and sector work (ESW) reviews. This was
 complemented by the China network for training and research
 in health economics and health financing set up in 1991, and
 jointly funded by the Chinese Government and World Bank
 Institute (WBI). There have also been various initiatives
 supported by the health anchor some of which include tobacco
 control, tuberculosis control, and indoor air pollution.
 Attempts to increase budget allocations to counties and
 townships to improve health systems performance are now
 being pursued more aggressively by the Bank. The Bank should
 be more involved with upstream policy advice and reaching
 the decision-makers who control broader fiscal and economic policies.