Equivalência de estímulos e ensino por exclusão de verbos e substantivos para adultos e idosos com afasias fluentes e não fluentes
Author(s)
Fontanesi, Sabrina Roberta OliveiraContributor(s)
Schmidt, AndreiaKeywords
Afasias fluentesAfasias não fluentes
Aprendizagem relacional.
Equivalência de estímulos
Procedimento de ensino por exclusão
relational learning.
non-fluent aphasia
fluent aphasia
exclusion procedure
stimuli equivalence
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Show full item recordAbstract
Os idosos representam um grupo crescente na população e algumas alterações importantes de saúde dessa população advêm de acidentes vasculares cerebrais, que podem deixar sequelas como as afasias. A despeito de resultados positivos obtidos por áreas tradicionais do tratamento das afasias, analistas do comportamento têm desenvolvido procedimentos de ensino bem-sucedidos com populações clínicas de não idosos, empregando procedimentos de exclusão e de ensino de repertórios de discriminação condicional para formação de classes de equivalência entre estímulos verbais. Os objetivos gerais deste trabalho foram: a) verificar a efetividade de um procedimento de ensino por exclusão de substantivos e de verbos para afásicos fluentes e não fluentes, a partir do ensino de discriminações condicionais com estímulos auditivos e visuais, e b) verificar a emergência de repertórios não diretamente ensinados (relações transitivas entre estímulos, nomeação e leitura). Participaram do estudo 14 idosos com afasia. Foram conduzidos dois estudos, nos quais os participantes foram expostos às avaliações iniciais de repertório verbal e foram submetidos ao procedimento de ensino de relações entre palavras ditadas, figuras ou vídeos, e palavras impressas, com sondas posteriores de formação de equivalência, nomeação e leitura, além de pós-testes. Foi utilizado um delineamento de múltiplas sondagens. Resultados gerais indicaram que o procedimento foi efetivo para ensinar novas relações aos participantes, porém não foi suficiente para sustentar a formação de classes de equivalência entre estímulos para a maioria das relações ensinadas, e nem para a emergência de nomeação desses estímulos. Não houve diferenças entre a aprendizagem de substantivos e verbos. O procedimento estudado, com adaptações, pode ser uma alternativa terapêutica para recuperação de repertórios verbais em afásicos.The elderly represents a growing group in the population and some important changes in the health of this population come from strokes, which can leave sequels such as aphasias. Despite positive results from traditional areas of aphasia treatment, behavioral analysts have developed successful teaching procedures with non-elderly clinical populations, employing exclusion procedures and teaching conditional discrimination to form equivalence classes between verbal stimuli. The general objectives were: a) to verify the effectiveness of a teaching by exclusion nouns and verbs for fluent and non-fluent aphasics, from teaching conditional discriminations with auditory and visual stimuli, and b) verify the emergence of repertoires not directly taught (transitive relations between stimuli, naming and reading). A total of 14 elderly people with aphasia participated in the study. Two studies were conducted, in which the participants were exposed to the initial verbal repertoire evaluations and were submitted to the procedure of teaching relationships between dictated words, figures or videos, and printed words, with subsequent probes of formation of equivalence, naming and reading, besides post-tests. A multiple probe design was used. Overall results indicate that the procedure was effective to teach new relationships to the participants, but it was not enough to sustain the formation of equivalence classes between stimuli for most of the relationships taught, and the emergence of naming these stimuli. There were no differences between the learning of nouns and verbs. The procedure studied, with adaptations, may be a therapeutic alternative for the recovery of verbal repertoires in aphasics.
Date
2017-06-09Type
Tese de DoutoradoIdentifier
oai:teses.usp.br:tde-18072017-094323http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-18072017-094323/
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