• The Ethics of Political Whistleblowing: Is it wrong to disclose state secrets publicly?

  Novakovic, Kristina (UNSW, Sydney, 2024)

  Political whistleblowing is the act of publicly disclosing classified government information by a member of an organisation with privileged access to that information, the purpose of which is to inform the public of perceived wrongdoing committed by or on behalf of the government. This thesis analytically reconstructs and critically interrogates the most common ethical objections to political whistleblowing so defined: 1) that it involves a breach of promissory obligation; 2) that it compromises national security; 3) that it is unpatriotic or treasonous, and 4) that it amounts to a wrongful form of vigilantism. Each argument has some purchase, but each is also shown to be limited in scope: none of these arguments is able to sustain a fully generalisable ethical objection to the unauthorised disclosure of state secrets. Having established that political whistleblowing can sometimes withstand these objections and be ethically justified, the dissertation then turns to the important task of distinguishing those cases in which political whistleblowing is merely permissible, from those in which is it in fact obligatory.
• Medición de la percepción de transparencia de la estrategia anticorrupción del programa nacional Qali Warma en el proceso de compras Amazonas 2023

  Chavez Quintana, Segundo Grimaldo; Navarro Uriarte, Shenifer (Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de AmazonasPE, 2024-11-14)

  La transparencia en los procesos de compra de las instituciones públicas se entiende como la visibilidad del proceso y la disponibilidad de la información al considerar las diversas necesidades de los interesados. El Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar Qali Warma (PNAEQW), implementó la Urna de Cristal (UC) como estrategia de transparencia en sus procesos de compra. El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo medir la percepción de transparencia de la estrategia anticorrupción UC en el proceso de compras-Amazonas 2023. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación de encuestas a 45 personas participantes de la primera convocatoria del proceso de compra, entre ellos, supervisores de comité de compra, veedores, integrantes del comité de compra (comité de selección) y postores. Las encuestas fueron validadas por un panel de expertos y su fiabilidad fue calculada a través del Alfa de Cronbach (0.919). Se encontró que la percepción general de la UC de los participantes del proceso de compra 2023 del PNAEQW fue positiva en valores medios superiores a 2.5 en una escala de Likert de 5 puntos.
• Contrataciones del estado y requerimientos de acusación en una fiscalía anticorrupción Lima Centro, 2023

  Chipana Fernandez, Yolanda Maribel Mercedes; Garcia Quispe, Gladys Beatriz; Moreno Alvarez, Vicente Daniel (Universidad César Vallejo, 2024)

  El propósito del presente trabajo de investigación, fue el de determinar la relación
existente entre las contrataciones del Estado y los requerimientos de acusación en
una Fiscalía Anticorrupción de Lima Centro. Fue una investigación de tipo básica,
elaborada bajo un enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra de estudio incluyó a 77
servidores y funcionarios de las dependencias de dicha especialidad. Para la
recolección de los datos necesarios para la investigación, se empleó como técnica
de recolección, una encuesta; y, como instrumento un cuestionario, el mismo que
constó de 42 ítems, que estuvieron enfocados en aclarar los aspectos relacionados
a las etapas de la contratación pública y, las etapas de la acusación fiscal, en la
institución materia de estudio. En mérito a ello, referido instrumento fue validado por
tres expertos y arrojó niveles aceptables de confiabilidad, con un coeficiente de
(0,949) respecto a la variable uno; y de (0,939) en cuanto a la variable dos. Usando
la prueba de Spearman, se halló que el valor p es (0,001), lo que implica una
significancia alta; por ende, se acepta la hipótesis planteada en el presente estudio,
obteniéndose, además, un nivel de correlación de (r=0,625). Siendo ello así, se
demostró estadísticamente la existencia de una correlación entre las dos
variables.
• Anti-corruption prevention and its main directions in the field of public procurement

  M. A. Volkova (Dostoevsky Omsk State University, 2024-03-01)

  The subject of the research is the norms of international and domestic legislation on public procurement, on combating corruption, as well as scientific works on the prevention of corruption crimes and anti-corruption prevention.The purpose of the study is to determine the place of anti-corruption prevention in the system of preventing corruption crimes in the field of public procurement and to study its main directions.The objectives of the study are to analyze the existing approaches in the scientific literature to the characterization of the system for preventing corruption crimes in the field of public procurement, to consider the theoretical foundations of anti-corruption prevention, as well as to characterize the main directions of anti-corruption prevention in the field of public procurement.The work used dialectical, system-structural, formal-logical and other methods of scientific knowledge.The scientific novelty of the work lies in the consideration of issues of anti-corruption prevention in the field of public procurement that were not previously subject to research. The article defines the place of anti-corruption prevention in the system of preventing corruption crimes in the field of public procurement, substantiates the need for the development of anti-corruption prevention in this area, and describes its main directions. The author defines anti-corruption prevention in the field of public procurement as a system of non-coercive measures aimed at creating conditions that stimulate the anti-corruption behavior of public procurement entities. The paper identifies and characterizes five main areas of anti-corruption prevention in the field of public procurement: anti-corruption openness, anti-corruption public control, anti-corruption education, anti-corruption expertise and anti-corruption encouragement. These directions are implemented at three levels: general, group and individual.According to the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that in order to optimize the system of preventing corruption crimes in the field of public procurement, it is advisable to develop each of these areas of anti-corruption prevention. The development of the approach outlined in the article will ensure consistency in the analysis and reform of anti-corruption prevention in the field of public procurement.
• Consent for Research Involving Spanish- and English-Speaking Latinx Adults With Schizophrenia.

  Barrio, Concepción; Fuentes, Dahlia; Tibiriçá, Lize; Hernandez, Mercedes; Helu-Brown, Paula; Golshan, Shahrokh; Palmer, Barton (eScholarship, University of California, 2024-04-30)

  BACKGROUND: Latinxs are vastly underrepresented in mental health research; one of many contributing factors may be complexities in the research consent process, including language preferences. We examined determinants of comprehension of research consent procedures and tested the effects of a preconsent research schema condition among 180 adults with schizophrenia (60 Latinx-English and 60 Latinx-Spanish preference, and 60 non-Latinx White). STUDY DESIGN: Participants were randomly assigned (equal allocation) to an educational session regarding clinical research concepts and processes (schema condition) or to an attention control. Following a subsequent simulated consent procedure for a hypothetical drug trail, comprehension of consent disclosures was measured with 2 standard measures. STUDY RESULTS: One-way ANOVAs showed significant medium effect size differences between ethnicity/language groups on both measures of comprehension (η2s = 0.066-0.070). The Latinx-Spanish group showed lower comprehension than non-Latinx White participants; differences between the 2 Latinx groups did not reach statistical significance. Group differences were not statistically significant after adjusting for differences in education, or on scores from structured measures of acculturation, health literacy, or research literacy. Two-way ANOVAs showed no significant main effects for consent procedure on either comprehension measure (Ps > .369; partial η2s < 0.006) and no significant group-by-consent interactions (Ps > .554; partial η2s < 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Although the preconsent procedure was not effective, the results suggest health and research literacy may be targets for reducing disparities in consent comprehension. The onus is on researchers to improve communication of consent information as an important step to addressing health care disparities.
• Longitudinal policy surveillance of state obesity legislation in California, 1999–2020

  Payán, Denise D; Chan-Golston, Alec M; Garibay, Kesia K; Farias, Corbin (eScholarship, University of California, 2024-11-01)

  BackgroundObesity rates among children and adults continue to accelerate in the U.S., particularly among marginalized and low-income populations. Obesity prevention and reduction policies can significantly impact population health by improving environmental conditions and increasing access to health-promoting resources. Limited research has been conducted to examine state obesity policy change over time. The primary aim of this study is to examine legislative approaches used to prevent and reduce obesity in the state of California (U.S.).MethodsWe used quantitative policy surveillance methods to develop a state database of obesity-related legislation (bills, resolutions) introduced in California's legislature between 1999 and 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to examine trends of introduced and enacted policy by legislative and policy characteristics. Chi-square tests were used to determine differences in characteristics between enacted and non-enacted legislation. Legislative session and policy characteristics found to be associated with enactment were used to predict adoption in a logistic regression.ResultsA total of 284 obesity-related bills and resolutions were introduced in California's legislature between 1999 and 2020 with a peak of 43 in 2005-2006. On average, 25.8 bills and resolutions were introduced each 2-year legislative cycle. Findings indicate that (a) children and schools were the most frequently specified population and setting; (b) the most common policy topics were nutrition (45%) and physical activity (33%); and (c) only 15% of legislation mentioned race/ethnicity. Overall, 24.9% of bills were enacted compared to 82.1% of resolutions adopted. Legislation to raise awareness about obesity had 5.4 times the odds of being passed compared to other topics. Yet this difference was not statistically significant in a sensitivity analysis when we excluded resolutions.ConclusionsThis database can be leveraged to advance our knowledge of effective and equitable policy instruments to prevent and reduce obesity. Results reveal important policy elements that may impact legislative success, including policy topic, and contribute to a nascent evidence base for public health law research, legal epidemiology, and practice. Future work should investigate the role of policy effectiveness research and evidence on legislative policymaking.
• Working with Aboriginal young people in sexual health research: a peer research methodology in remote Australia

  S Bell (7731767); P Aggleton (13376295); A Lockyer (10110052); T Ferguson (10110055); W Murray (10110058); B Silver (10110061); J Kaldor (9858737); L Maher (9856208); J Ward (7746140) (2021-01-01)

  In a context of ongoing colonization and dispossession in Australia, many Aboriginal people live with experiences of health research that is done “on” rather than “with” or “by” them. Recognizing the agency of young people and contributing to Aboriginal self-determination and community control of research, we used a peer research methodology involving Aboriginal young people as researchers, advisors, and participants in a qualitative sexual health study in one remote setting in the Northern Territory, Australia. We document the methodology, while critically reflecting on its benefits and limitations as a decolonizing method. Findings confirm the importance of enabling Aboriginal young people to play a central role in research with other young people about their own sexual health. Future priorities include developing more enduring forms of coinvestigation with Aboriginal young people beyond data collection during single studies, and support for young researchers to gain formal qualifications to enhance future employability.
• Acción de tutela. Mecanismo jurídico al alcance de los extranjeros, para acceder a un trasplante de órganos en Colombia

  Better Gil, Raquel; Ramírez Motta, Laura Esperanza (Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABFacultad Ciencias Jurídicas y PolíticasEspecialización en Responsabilidad Médica, 2024-11-26)

  Las Acciones de tutela falladas a favor de extranjeros, abren un vacío jurídico, normativo y ético frente al tema, ya que algunos jueces están desconociendo la normatividad que el país ha venido construyendo en este sentido, inaplicando el
 artículo 40 del decreto 2493 del 2004 por inconstitucional, mediante el cual se da prioridad a pacientes nacionales y extranjeros residentes para acceder a un componente anatómico.
• We Have Lost Our Minds

  Brown, Teneille Ruth (DigitalCommons@Pace, 2024-11-21)

  This Article examines the paradoxical treatment of autonomy in American healthcare law. While autonomy has become the dominant principle in medical ethics and neoliberal market philosophies, pregnant people have been systematically denied this same autonomy through increasingly restrictive abortion statutes. Using the rhetoric of “informed consent,” abortion-restrictive statutes ironically pervert the animating principles behind the doctrine—rendering it almost meaning- less. I argue that this contradiction stems from the dehumanization of pregnant people who seek abortions, particularly through the denial of their capacity to have individual, complex mental states and feelings. Drawing on moral psychology, the Article demonstrates how pregnant people are cast either as irrational and incompetent, or as cold and calculating, but never as fully human agents capable of making rational healthcare decisions. This dehumanization enables policymakers to strip pregnant people of the very autonomy that is championed in other medical contexts, while simultaneously blaming them for the inequalities that flow from the neoliberal system. I conclude by reflecting on how respect for autonomy has become hollow rhetoric that masks deep sexism both in medicine and the marketplace.
• Making ethics visible : Doctors´moral reasoning in patient care

  Heidenreich, Kaja (Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaperÖrebro : Örebro University, 2024)

  Healthcare is infused with values concerning what is important to patients and healthcare professionals and, thereby, ethics might seem to be inherent and self-evident. However, in clinical practice, ethics is elusive and difficult to articulate, and a gap persists between theory and practice. Thus, the overall aim of this thesis was to generate understandings about ethics close to practice by exploring doctors’ moral reasoning when caring for the patient. The research design was qualitative and explorative. The phenomenon of‘moral reasoning’ was explored in 22 audio recorded ethical reflection groups (Moral case deliberation) (I), 27 interviews with UK consultants about their experiences of the complex decision-making process of initiating intensive care (II), 19 Swedish vascular surgeons in the outpatient setting (III), and observation and audio recording of 7 team conferences accompanied by 23 follow-up interviews with vascular surgeons (VI). The data were analysed by using content analysis, employing a phenomenological-hermeneutical method, and systematic text condensation. A composite result of the four studies revealed moral reasoning as a proces sof balancing between promoting the patient’s best interests and the patients’ preferences, deliberating one’s moral responsibility in the patient’s care, and expanding understandings of complex situations through multiple perspectives. Moral reasoning is embedded in the clinical language, and the patient encounter emerges as the hub for these reasonings. As such, the patient encounter signifies carefully exploring the clinical details of the case to weigh conflicting values, to expand one’s understanding of the patient’s health and life beyond the diseases, and to explore the patient’s wishes for care. Meetings between doctors to discuss the patient’s care entailed learning by broadening their understanding of complex situations as well as balancing different perceptions to reach reasonable decisions. The doctors’ own security instanding in complex decision-making and critical situations can be facilitated through discussions with colleagues as well as meetings by expanding perspectives and generating new understanding of what is important in a clinical situation. The clinical implications of this knowledge are that ethics is a tangible part of doctors’ care of patients that needs continuous exploration and verbalizing as a means of maintaining quality of care, which is a moral obligation in itself.
• RETROSPECTIVE BIOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS DATA FOR ESTABLISHING SAFETY IN MONOTHERAPY INVOLVING LIFE SAVING DRUGS

  MJ, Venkatesan; N, Dinesh (Zenodo, 2024-11-20)

  <p>Establishment of safety in the context of monotherapy involving life saving drugs </p>
• Utopia versus dystopia: Professional perspectives on the impact of healthcare artificial intelligence on clinical roles and skills

  Yves Saint James Aquino (12311423); Wendy A Rogers (16803394); Annette Braunack-Mayer (3574355); Helen Frazer (16803391); Khin Than Win (7917677); Nehmat Houssami (54551); Christopher Degeling (20273394); Christopher Semsarian (135009); Stacy M Carter (16803385) (2023-01-01)

  Background: Alongside the promise of improving clinical work, advances in healthcare artificial intelligence (AI) raise concerns about the risk of deskilling clinicians. This purpose of this study is to examine the issue of deskilling from the perspective of diverse group of professional stakeholders with knowledge and/or experiences in the development, deployment and regulation of healthcare AI. Methods: We conducted qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 72 professionals with AI expertise and/or professional or clinical expertise who were involved in development, deployment and/or regulation of healthcare AI. Data analysis using combined constructivist grounded theory and framework approach was performed concurrently with data collection. Findings: Our analysis showed participants had diverse views on three contentious issues regarding AI and deskilling. The first involved competing views about the proper extent of AI-enabled automation in healthcare work, and which clinical tasks should or should not be automated. We identified a cluster of characteristics of tasks that were considered more suitable for automation. The second involved expectations about the impact of AI on clinical skills, and whether AI-enabled automation would lead to worse or better quality of healthcare. The third tension implicitly contrasted two models of healthcare work: a human-centric model and a technology-centric model. These models assumed different values and priorities for healthcare work and its relationship to AI-enabled automation. Conclusion: Our study shows that a diverse group of professional stakeholders involved in healthcare AI development, acquisition, deployment and regulation are attentive to the potential impact of healthcare AI on clinical skills, but have different views about the nature and valence (positive or negative) of this impact. Detailed engagement with different types of professional stakeholders allowed us to identify relevant concepts and values that could guide decisions about AI algorithm development and deployment.
• Navigating parental decision-making: Intersex surgeries in Italy

  Prandelli, Marta; Crocetti, Daniela (Elsevier Ltd, 2024-11-08)

  Decision-making dynamics in Italian paediatric care for Intersex and Variations of Sex Characteristics (VSC) involve a complex interplay between medical practices, parental perspectives, and socio-cultural factors. This article explores how medical professionals and parents make decisions amid cultural debates on gender, the body, and autonomy. It addresses aspects of why surgical intervention, with limited child involvement, is often seen as the ‘only option’ in the ‘conservative’ culture of Italy. The article continues to highlight the rise of parent-led human rights-based activism in Italy, challenging prevailing narratives in intersex/VSC paediatric care. Using qualitative data from two studies, including interviews with 15 Italian stakeholders and 38 Italian parents, as well as participant action research, the article provides insights into Italian medical and parental perspectives. The findings emphasize the need for nuanced support, education, and resources to empower parents in order to uphold the rights and well-being of intersex individuals.
• M.Sc MedEd Dissertation

  Fabio Galli (18700489) (2024-11-18)

  M.Sc MedEd dissertation
• Ethics of care and the ethics of justice in ethical decision making in the health team

  Inaugural addresses (20282298) (1997-08-27)

  Inaugural lecture--Dept. of Nursing, Rand Afrikaans University, 27 August 1997@@From case studies it appears that nurses and doctors as central agents in ethical decision making in the health team, approach ethical problems from two different and opposing perspectives. The way in which doctors make ethical decisions is associated with Kohlberg's (1981) ethics of justice, while the ethical decisions made by nurses are associated with Gilligan's (1982) ethics of care. There is little or no interaction between the different disciplines in the health team when ethical decisions are made. Such a situation leads to ineffective ethical decision making since it involves conflict and unnecessary physical and mental suffering with accompanying financial implications. A possible solution to this problem is the complementary use of the ethics of justice and the ethics of care in ethical decision making in the health team. The way in which the two ethical perspectives are used complementary to one another is through discourse which involves a wider rationality model and ethics of virtues are used. This solution is found in an investigation into the nature of the two ethical perspectives. Such a solution makes interaction possible, and probably also more effective ethical decision making without expecting significant paradigm changes in the two disciplines.
• Ethical principles for the creation and application of artificial intelligence technologies in healthcare

  A. A. Shutova; I. R. Begishev (Dostoevsky Omsk State University, 2024-03-01)

  The subject of the study is the norms of current legislation regulating the creation and application of artificial intelligence technology in healthcare, including acts of technical regulation, as well as available scientific research by domestic and foreign scientists in the field presented. In recent years, foreign experts have conducted a significant amount of research on the development of ethical principles for the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare. However, these works tend to be abstract and do not explain what justifies and justifies their recommendations and how these recommendations should be used in practice. In turn, in the Russian Federation at the moment there is a small number of domestic studies devoted to a comprehensive study of ethical principles that should guide subjects engaged in the creation and use of medical devices based on artificial intelligence technologies, which confirms the relevance and significance of our research.Objective: to develop a system of ethical principles for the creation and application of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of healthcare, which will serve as the basis for the legal regulation of public relations in the presented area.Methods: the methodological basis of the system of ethical principles for the creation and application of artificial intelligence technologies was made up of general scientific and private scientific methods of scientific cognition, including analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, classification, analogy and comparison.Results: to the attention of lawyers, scientists and practitioners, medical professionals, members of clinical ethics committees, medical ethics specialists, representatives of law– making bodies, government departments, the business community and public organizations, patients, as well as a wide range of readers interested in the digital transformation of the healthcare system, ethical principles for the creation and application of artificial health technologies are proposed intelligence in healthcare, which can serve as the basis for the formation of an appropriate system of legal regulation. The stated goal has been achieved, which is confirmed by the development of a system of ethical principles that serve as the basis for the development of a system of legal regulation of artificial intelligence technologies in healthcare. The developed ethical principles can be used to further improve domestic legislation, and also lay the foundation for further research.
• Priority allocation of pandemic influenza vaccines in Australia – Recommendations of 3 community juries

  C Degeling (13632994); J Williams (7634615); S M Carter (13632349); R Moss (13753873); P Massey (9855281); G L Gilbert (13370082); P Shih (13579915); A Braunack-Mayer (13442436); K Crooks (13279113); D Brown (9868400) (2021-01-08)

  Background: Pandemic planning has historically been oriented to respond to an influenza virus, with vaccination strategy being a key focus. As the current COVID-19 pandemic plays out, the Australian government is closely monitoring progress towards development of SARS-CoV2 vaccines as a definitive intervention. However, as in any pandemic, initial supply will likely be exceeded by demand due to limited manufacturing output. Methods: We convened community juries in three Australian locations in 2019 to assess public acceptability and perceived legitimacy of influenza pandemic vaccination distribution strategies. Preparatory work included literature reviews on pandemic vaccine allocation strategies and on vaccine allocation ethics, and simulation modelling studies. We assumed vaccine would be provided to predefined priority groups. Jurors were then asked to recommend one of two strategies for distributing remaining early doses of vaccine: directly vaccinate people at higher risk of adverse outcomes from influenza; or indirectly protect the general population by vaccinating primary school students, who are most likely to spread infection. Results: Thirty-four participants of diverse backgrounds and ages were recruited through random digit dialling and topic-blinded social media advertising. Juries heard evidence and arguments supporting different vaccine distribution strategies, and questioned expert presenters. All three community juries supported prioritising school children for influenza vaccination (aiming for indirect protection), one by 10–2 majority and two by consensus. Justifications included that indirect protection benefits more people and is likely to be more publicly acceptable. Conclusions: In the context of an influenza pandemic, informed citizens were not opposed to prioritising groups at higher risks of adverse outcomes, but if resources and epidemiological conditions allow, achieving population benefits should be a strategic priority. These insights may inform future SARS-CoV-2 vaccination strategies.
• Informed Consent

  Ginsberg, Marc (UIC Law Open Access Repository, 2022-01-01)
• Therapeutic Jurisprudence - An Australian Perspective

  Hampel, George, QC (STU Scholarly Works, 2005-01-01)

  At a recent conference in Crete on Ethics and Professional Responsibilities, I had the privilege of meeting David B. Wexler and hearing his presentation on Therapeutic Jurisprudence. I also had the advantage of reading his article entitled Therapeutic Jurisprudence and the Rehabilitative Role of the Criminal Defense Lawyer. Over a cup of good Greek coffee, Mr. Wexler asked me about developments in this area in Australia and suggested I might contribute to a forthcoming publication. The short answer is that there has been little development in academic circles compared to the work being done by Mr. Wexler and others in the United States and little development within the Australian legal profession. However, there is real development, particularly in the State of Victoria, at the instigation of our Justice Department headed by the Attorney General, the Honorable Rob Hulls.
• KEPEMIMPINAN SPIRITUAL DALAM MEMBANGUN BUDAYA KERJA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA ASN KANTOR KEMENTERIAN AGAMA KAB. MUNA

  La Ode Muhammad Badrun, NIM.: 22204092017 (2024-10-17)

  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi peran kepemimpinan spiritual dalam membangun budaya kerja yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) di Kantor Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Muna. Kepemimpinan spiritual merujuk pada model kepemimpinan yang didasari oleh nilai-nilai agama, etika, dan pengembangan karakter spiritual yang diterapkan di tempat kerja untuk menciptakan sinergi positif di antara ASN. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan sumber data yang berasal dari data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan tekhnik validitas data yakni triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi tekhnik. Serta tekhnik analisis data mencakup pengumpulan data, kondensasi data, penyajian data, serta verifikasi data.
 Hasil penelitian bahwa Pertama, implementasi kepemimpinan spiritual dalam membangun budaya kerja untuk meningkatkan kinerja ASN kantor Kementerian Agama Kab. Muna yaitu 1) memperkuat visi organisasi, 2) menanamkan nilai agama, 3) memfasilitasi pengembangan diri, 4) membangun hubungan yang harmonis, 5) penguatan integritas, 6) penguatan profesionalitas, 7) penguatan inovasi, 8) penguatan tanggung jawab, 9) pengauatan keteladanan, 10) meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan. Kedua, Implikasi Kepemimpinan Spiritual Dalam Membangun Budaya Kerja Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja ASN Kantor Kementerian Agama Kab. Muna yaitu 1) peningkatan motivasi, 2) penguatan nilai organisasi, 3) meningkatkan kreativitas dan inovasi, 4) Pengurangan tingkat stress. Ketiga, kunci keberhasilan kepemimpinan spiritual dalam membangun budaya kerja untuk meningkatkan kinerja ASN kantor kementerian agama kab. Muna yaitu 1) pemahaman yang mendalam tentang nilai agama, 2) integritas dan kejujuran, 3) empati dan kepedulian, 4) keadilan dan keterbukaan, 5) menjalankan penuh 5 budaya kerja Kementerian Agama, 6) pelayanan publik yang berkualitas. Kepemimpinan yang berbasis spiritual tidak hanya meningkatkan kualitas kerja ASN secara individu, tetapi juga membangun budaya kerja yang berfokus pada nilai-nilai kejujuran, tanggung jawab, dan keteladanan, yang pada akhirnya berdampak pada peningkatan kinerja organisasi secara keseluruhan

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