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Mehr Erdgas für den Klimaschutz? Chancen und Risiken einer erweiterten Gasstrategie für die europäische Energieversorgung

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Author(s)
Hobohm, Jens
Contributor(s)
Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit
Keywords
Naturwissenschaften
Ökologie
Ecology
Science
Naturwissenschaften, Technik(wissenschaften), angewandte Wissenschaften
Ökologie und Umwelt
Ecology, Environment
Natural Science and Engineering, Applied Sciences
Erdgas
Irak
Energieversorgung
Energiepolitik
Europa
Infrastruktur
Energie
Asien
arabische Länder
internationaler Wettbewerb
Iran
Energieerzeugung
Nahost
Entwicklungsland
energy supply
Asia
international competition
Middle East
natural gas
energy
Iraq
Iran
Europe
energy policy
infrastructure
Arab countries
energy production
developing country
descriptive study
deskriptive Studie
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/2611217
Online Access
http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/24901
Abstract
'Die europäische Energieversorgung wird sich auf absehbare Zeit noch auf fossile Energieträger stützen. Erdgas hat dabei das Potential, zur Einsparung von CO2-Emissionen beizutragen. Dieser Studie zufolge könnten durch die gesteigerte Verwendung von Erdgas langfristig europaweit etwa 85 Millionen Tonnen CO2-Emissionen vermieden werden. Die Studie zeigt, dass die Ausweitung des Erdgasanteils auch im Hinblick auf Versorgungssicherheit und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Energieversorgung zu verantworten ist. 20 Prozent des Heizöls und 15 Prozent der Festbrennstoffe in den Wärmemärkten sollten durch Gas ersetzt und 25 Prozent der europäischen Fahrzeuge auf Erdgas umgestellt werden. Eine Ausweitung der Stromerzeugung aus Erdgas ist hingegen nicht zu befürworten. Bei der Umsetzung einer europäischen Gasstrategie sollte die EU vor allem die folgenden fünf Aspekte berücksichtigen: 1. Die EU sollte die Energieeffizienz wie angekündigt um 20% gegenüber der Baseline-Entwicklung steigern. 2. Angesichts sinkender Eigenförderung benötigt Europa Zugang zu neuen Gasquellen. Die EU sollte am Nabucco-Projekt festhalten und neben den zentralasiatischen Gasquellen andere Bezugsoptionen (Irak, Iran) prüfen. 3. Die zum Bezug von Flüssiggas (LNG) erforderliche Infrastruktur ist auszubauen, möglichst auch an einem Standort in Deutschland und /oder Polen. 4. Biogas kann dazu beitragen, die CO2-Emissionen weiter zu verringern und die Importabhängigkeit zu reduzieren. Europa sollte die Biomasse-Förderung stärker auf Biogas ausrichten. 5. Die Untertage-Speicherung von Erdgas ist ein wirksames Mittel zur Absicherung der Versorgung. Strategische Speicher bedürfen aber einer sorgfältigen Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse und eines effektiven Mechanismus zur Bereitstellung der Reserven im Krisenfall - auch über Ländergrenzen hinweg.' (Autorenreferat)
'For the foreseeable future the European energy supply will continue to depend on fossil energy carriers. In that context, natural gas has the potential to contribute to saving CO2 emissions. According to this study, an increased utilization of natural gas could avoid approximately 85 million tons of CO2 emissions throughout Europe in the long term. The study shows that an expansion of the natural gas share would be a responsible step towards securing a reliable and competitive energy supply. In the heat markets, 20 percent of fuel oil and 15 percent of solid fuels should be substituted by gas; and 25 percent of European vehicles should be converted to natural gas. However, the study does not support an expansion of natural gas utilization in power generation. The implementation of a European gas strategy should mainly take into account the following five aspects: 1. The EU should increase energy efficiency - as announced - by 20% in relation to the baseline development. 2. Given the reduced European natural gas production, Europe needs access to new gas sources. The EU should continue to pursue the Nabucco project and, in addition to Central Asian gas sources, analyze other supply options (Iran, Iraq). 3. The infrastructure required for the import of liquefied natural gas (LNG) should be extended, preferably also at a location in Germany and/ or Poland. 4. Biogas can contribute to a continued decrease of CO2 emissions and to a reduction of the European import dependence. Europe should direct its biomass promotion - to a larger extent - towards biogas. 5. Underground storage of natural gas is an efficient means of ensuring the security of supply. However, strategic reservoirs require a thorough cost-benefit-analysis and an efficient mechanism for supplying reserves in case of an emergency - also across national boarders.' (author's abstract)|
Date
2011-05-03
Type
research report
Identifier
oai:gesis.izsoz.de:document/24901
http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/24901
urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-249017
Copyright/License
Deposit Licence - Keine Weiterverbreitung, keine Bearbeitung
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