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The Role of Faith-inspired Health Care Providers in Sub-Saharan Africa and Public-Private Partnerships : Strengthening the Evidence for Faith-inspired Health Engagement in Africa, Volume 1This role of faith-inspired health care
 providers in sub-saharan Africa and public-private
 partnerships is comprised of a three volume series on
 strengthening the evidence for faith inspired engagement in
 health in sub-Saharan Africa. An increasing level of
 interest in the role of faith in development has generated
 much debate and dialogue at the international and national
 levels over the last decade. Despite difficulties in
 communication and differences in cultures within such
 debates, there has been a continued reaffirmation of the
 potential benefits that faith-inspired communities can bring
 towards efforts to achieve the millennium development goals
 (MDGs), especially in the areas of health. This series
 focuses on assessing the role and market share of
 faith-inspired providers and on assessing the extent to
 which they are involved in and benefit from public-private
 partnerships. The purpose of this series of three HNP
 discussion papers is to round up various analytical
 perspectives and emerging research on faith engagement in
 health in Africa from a range of researchers and
 practitioners from the north as well as the south. The
 series is structured into three volumes: a first volume on
 the role and market share of faith-inspired providers and
 public-private partnerships, a second on satisfaction and
 the comparative nature of faith-inspired health provision,
 and the third on mapping of faith inspired provision and the
 extent to which faith-inspired providers reach to the poor.
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Universal Health Coverage for Inclusive and Sustainable Development : Country Summary Report for BangladeshBangladesh is a low-income country with
 gross national income of $1,940 per capita in purchasing
 power parity (PPP) in 2011. It has made great strides in
 economic and social development outcomes, particularly in
 health, and is on track to achieving most of the
 health-related Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets.
 Under-five mortality has been cut by half in the last decade
 (to 46 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2011). It has also
 strongly invested in and promoted family planning programs
 since the 1950s. Fertility rates have fallen sharply to 2.2
 births per woman in 2011. But despite this drop, its
 population is projected to grow to 202 million by 2050
 (Population Division of the Department of Economic and
 Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat 2013).
 About one-third of the population is still poor. Bangladesh
 spends about 3.8 percent of GDP on health, while public
 spending accounts for one-third of total health expenditures
 (THE). Out-of-pocket (OOP) spending constitutes about 60
 percent of THE, with evident implications for financial
 protection, especially among the worse off. The country
 faces multiple challenges in improving efficiency and
 quality across health, human resources for health (HRH)
 being a key bottleneck at all levels. However, it provides
 an example of a country that is in the initial phases of
 exploring mechanisms to improve health services coverage and
 financial protection to its population, with a commitment to
 achieving universal health coverage (UHC) by 2032, and one
 that has innovative approaches to addressing key health care
 issues, including equity and citizen engagement.
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The Impoverishing Effect of Adverse Health Events : Evidence from the Western BalkansThis paper investigates the extent to
 which the health systems of the Western Balkans (Albania,
 Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, and Kosovo) have
 succeeded in providing financial protection against adverse
 health events. The authors examine disparities in health
 status, healthcare utilization, and out-of-pocket payments
 for healthcare (including informal payments), and explore
 the impact of healthcare expenditures on household economic
 status and poverty. Methodologies include (i) generating a
 descriptive assessment of health and healthcare disparities
 across socioeconomic groups, (ii) measuring the incidence
 and intensity of catastrophic healthcare payments, (iii)
 examining the effect of out-of-pocket payments on poverty
 headcount and poverty gap measures, and (iv) running sets of
 country-specific probit regressions to model the
 relationship between health status, healthcare utilization,
 and poverty. On balance, the findings show that the impact
 of health expenditures on household economic wellbeing and
 poverty is most severe in Albania and Kosovo, while
 Montenegro is striking for the financial protection that the
 health system seems to provide. Data are drawn from Living
 Standards and Measurement Surveys.