Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.

• Key Characteristics of Employment Regulation in the Middle East and North Africa

  Kuddo, Arvo; Angel-Urdinola, Diego F. (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017-08-10)

  This note provides a general background
 of the main features of labor regulation in the Middle East
 and North Africa (MENA) and benchmarks them against
 international best practices. The note compiles information
 on available labor laws and other legal acts concerning
 employment protection regulation. Within the broader scope
 of labor regulation, and in order to assure regional
 comparability, information collected focuses on key issues
 in the labor law associated with commencing or terminating
 employment and during the period of employment (including
 maternity benefits). The main sources the data are the World
 Bank doing business 2010 and International Labour
 Organisation (ILO) databank. This note is a tool to provide
 policymakers and international organizations with a regional
 diagnose of how labor regulation affects labor market
 outcomes in MENA and inform client governments about
 strategic approaches to employment creation through labor
 policy and reform. This activity comes as a response to
 regional priorities in the context of the Arab World
 Initiative (AWI). One of the six strategic themes of the AWI
 focuses explicitly on employment creation as a top priority.
 Part of the World Bank's mandate under the AWI is to
 inform client governments about strategic approaches to
 employment creation through labor policy and reform.
• Republic of the Philippines Labor Market Review

  World Bank (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016-08-02)

  This study analyzes labor market
 performance in the Philippines from the perspective of
 workers’ welfare. It argues that pervasive in-work poverty
 is the main challenge facing labor policy. Poverty is
 primarily due to low earning capacity of the poor and to
 their limited access to regular and productive jobs. Behind
 these are the two interrelated root causes of in-work
 poverty - low education of the poor, and the scarcity of
 productive job opportunities. The labor market is segmented
 into good and bad jobs, with the poor working in the latter.
 They hold jobs that are informal, temporary or casual, and
 low-paid. Widespread informality means that the poor neither
 benefit from the minimum wage policy nor from employment
 protection legislation. They do not benefit from wage growth
 either, because their bargaining power is weak. Good jobs
 are so few, especially in rural areas, that even better
 educated workers are often forced to take unskilled jobs and
 work as low-paid laborers. The reduction of in-work poverty
 hinges on removing constraints to gainful employment in both
 supply side (better education and skills) and demand side
 (better jobs). It is critical that the young poor have
 improved access to quality education, and be equipped with
 skills required in the modern sector of the economy. But in
 parallel, better jobs need to be created, which can be
 attained from the growth of the formal and higher value
 added sector of the economy. The process of structural
 transformation should be supported by effective labor
 policy. Labor regulations need to be made simpler and more
 flexible to facilitate the reallocation of labor from less
 to more productive activities, and from informal to formal
 sector. Targeted training programs have the potential to
 address the problem of low skills among the poor workers,
 especially the young ones. Such programs should be developed
 on a pilot basis and expanded if proven to be cost-effective.
• Improving Labor Market Outcomes for Poor and Vulnerable Groups in Mongolia

  Gassmann, Franziska; Zardo Trindade, Lorena; Francois, Daphne (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016-01-19)

  Mongolia has experienced strong economic
 growth and declining poverty in the past. With the
 implementation of the law on employment promotion in 2011,
 the Government of Mongolia provided the legal base for a set
 of employment promotion programs. By means of these
 programs, different vulnerable labor market groups are
 addressed, ranging from graduates to disabled, older
 workers, herders, and unskilled job seekers. The objective
 of the report is to describe and analyze labor market
 outcomes for different groups of the population in Mongolia,
 with a particular focus on poor and vulnerable households,
 and present a set of policy interventions to strengthen the
 labor market participation and integration of currently
 unemployed or inactive adults. The focus of the report is on
 supply side issues of the labor market. In order to better
 understand the mechanisms driving labor market outcomes, a
 prospective qualitative analysis is already planned to
 complement the present quantitative analysis. The report is
 structured as follows: section one gives introduction.
 Section two provides the country context in terms of
 economic and demographic developments and the
 characteristics of the Mongolian labor market. The empirical
 analysis is presented in section three. In section four the
 existing labor market policies in Mongolia are mapped and
 their challenges discussed. Finally, section five concludes
 and recommends a set of policy measures to further improve
 the labor market outcomes of poor and vulnerable groups.