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”Né de lit illégitime” en Transylvanie dans la deuxième moitié du xixe siècle

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Author(s)
Deteșan, Daniela

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/2785735
Online Access
https://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ADH_127_0127
Abstract
La société roumaine est fortement religieuse. Malgré cela, dans la deuxième moitié du xixe siècle, les naissances hors mariage représentent une réalité incontestable en Transylvanie. Le phénomène varie, certes, selon le temps et l’espace, en fonction des nations et des confessions. Des causes spécifiques déterminent les « naissances de lit illégitime ». Un facteur important tient à la législation matrimoniale restrictive pour les civils mais surtout pour les militaires. Il est généralement admis et démontré que le facteur économique (les coûts liés à la célébration du mariage, la précarité financière des paysans) constitue un élément décisif des naissances hors mariage. Le phénomène de la migration, les mœurs et les traditions aussi bien que les relations de parenté s’ajoutent à la liste de raisons possibles de l’illégitimité. L’explication liée à la révolution sexuelle ne s’applique pas dans le cas présent. Cet article s’appuie sur des sources inédites ecclésiastiques et notariales. Le statut légal des enfants illégitimes est inférieur à celui des enfants légitimes, mais le Code civil autrichien accorde certains droits aux enfants illégitimes en matière de succession. Les enfants illégitimes ont droit à l’héritage de la fortune de leur mère mais ne peuvent pas hériter de la fortune de leur père, à moins d’un testament de sa part.
Romanian society was highly religious. Despite that, the children born out of wedlock were undoubtedly a fact in Transylvania in the second half of the 19th century. This phenomenon varies according to the moment in time, location, nation and confession. Specific causes trigger the so-called “births from illegitimate beds”. A major factor was the matrimonial legislation which was restrictive for civilians and still more for the military. It is generally admitted and proved that the economic factor − costs with the marriage celebration, the financial precariousness of the peasants − is a decisive element for the fertility out of wedlock. The phenomenon of migration, morals and traditions as well as kinship relations add up on the list of possible reasons for illegitimate births. The explanation regarding sexual revolution does not apply in this case. This article is based on ecclesiastic and notarial unpublished sources. The legal statute of the children born out of wedlock was lower than the legal statute of legitimate children; however, the Austrian Civil Code gives certain rights to children born out of wedlock in terms of succession. The children born out of wedlock have the right to inherit their mother’s heritage but not their father’s, except if there is a father is registered will in this respect.
Date
2014
Identifier
oai:cairn.info:ADH_127_0127
https://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ADH_127_0127
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Cairn
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