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L'innovation méthodologique, entre bifurcation personnelle et formation des disciplines: les entrées en archéologie de Georges Laplace et de Jean-Claude Gardin

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Author(s)
Plutniak, Sébastien
Keywords
Geschichte
History
histoire des sciences; biographie; méthodes de l’archéologie; professionnalisation; mathématiques appliquées; History of Science; Biography; Archaeological Methods; Professionalization; Applied Mathematics
allgemeine Geschichte
General History
biographical method
methodology
mathematics
France
professionalization
history of science
archaeology
Archäologie
Methodologie
Professionalisierung
Frankreich
biographische Methode
Wissenschaftsgeschichte
Mathematik
30300
10200
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/2786116
Online Access
https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/55794
Abstract
What are the reasons leading some researchers to advocate the application of certain methods on the ground that they are more precise and more systematic, even though they are also more abstract and more constraining than those currently in use? This question is examined here through a review of the evolution of the academic career of two French archaeologists, Georges Laplace and Jean-Claude Gardin. Their earliest works, dating from the 1950s, were characterized by the application of more abstract methodologies, based on formalization or on the use of computation. In the following decades, Laplace and Gardin’s approach remained marginal in France, even though at the same time, similar perspectives were becoming popular not only among English-speaking archaeologists but also in other academic fields in France. The biographical perspective adopted in this paper allows us to highlight the parallel trajectories and the tensions existing between the epistemical, ethical, biographical, and political dimensions that shaped the careers of Laplace and Gardin. As such, their academic experiences appear as the most radical forms of the contemporary aspiration to modernize and professionalize archaeology.
Quelles raisons peuvent amener des chercheurs à plaider en faveur de l’introduction de méthodes jugées plus précises et systématiques mais se révélant aussi plus abstraites et contraignantes en pratique ? La question est examinée à partir des parcours de deux archéologues français, Georges Laplace et Jean-Claude Gardin. Dès les années 1950, ils se distinguent par leurs propositions méthodologiques fondées sur la formalisation ou le calcul. Elles restent toutefois relativement isolées au cours des décennies suivantes, alors même que des propositions similaires connaissent un succès en archéologie anglophone ou dans d’autres disciplines. Par une approche biographique on met en évidence les équivalences et les tensions établies entre les critères épistémiques et éthiques, biographiques et politiques qui caractérisent ces expériences, lesquelles apparaissent comme les formes les plus radicales d’une aspiration contemporaine à la modernisation et à la professionnalisation de l’archéologie.
Date
2018-02-08
Type
journal article
Identifier
oai:gesis.izsoz.de:document/55794
1622-468X
https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/55794
urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-55794-9
Copyright/License
Creative Commons - Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0
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