• Como planos locais de ação climática propõem outro desenvolvimento? Reflexões sobre os casos de Campinas e Santos, Brasil

  Pozzebon, Marlei; Escolas::EAESP; Santos, Fernando Burgos Pimentel dos; Travassos, Luciana Rodrigues Fagnoni Costa; Carlos, Flavia Speyer (2024-09-25)

  A elaboração de planos de ação, enquanto instrumentos de governança climática, é uma prática adotada no nível subnacional dos países signatários do Acordo de Paris, com o objetivo de promover ações de enfrentamento à crise climática global nos territórios e contribuir para o atingimento do compromisso pactuado. A partir da lente teórica do pósdesenvolvimento, esta dissertação toma os planos locais de ação climática dos municípios de Campinas e Santos como objetos para conduzir um estudo de caso instrumental e coletivo. Os casos foram examinados em profundidade, a fim de maximizar o conhecimento e os aprendizados. A pergunta de pesquisa: 'como planos locais de ação climática propõem outro desenvolvimento?' parte de um diálogo entre os conceitos de governança climática e a lente teórica do pós-desenvolvimento, por meio da justiça climática. A revisão da literatura recaiu principalmente sobre as correntes alternativas ao desenvolvimento e as críticas apresentadas pelos teóricos do pós-desenvolvimento; o princípio de justiça climática; e o conceito de governança climática. Dentre as correntes pós-desenvolvimentistas, existem propostas reformistas e outras que pretendem transformações estruturais e mais transformadoras. Essa revisão também assumiu uma função teórico-metodológica importante com a mobilização de temas alinhados às estratégias de pós-desenvolvimento enquanto estrutura de análise. Por meio de extensa análise documental, 24 entrevistas, e, no caso de Campinas, observação-participante, verificou-se que por meio de apoio internacional adaptado ao contexto local, os planos propõem uma ação climática incremental, orientada principalmente pelo desenvolvimento sustentável. Ademais, foi possível inferir como durante os processos de elaboração dos planos esteve em construção uma governança climática; e que houve subrepresentação das minorias mais afetadas pelos efeitos da mudança do clima nas experiências de Campinas e Santos, apesar do reconhecimento e valorização da participação social. Dessa maneira, dado o caráter propositivo do instrumento estudado, os resultados da análise sugerem que, apesar de reconhecerem e incorporarem aspectos da justiça climática, os planos apresentam dificuldade em propor um outro desenvolvimento, e não trazem mudanças profundas, transição e transformação em suas ações, incluindo apenas soluções reformistas e menos disruptivas. Este trabalho foi conduzido e avaliado por meio de critérios como autenticidade, plausibilidade, criticidade e reflexividade.
• Taxing Luxury Emissions

  Welton, Shelley; Wallace, Clint (Penn Carey Law: Legal Scholarship Repository, 2024-09-23)

  "A host of recent economic and sociological studies have documented the rising challenge of carbon inequality — that is, extreme class disparities in carbon emissions both within the United States and globally. These studies show an alarming divide, with the top 10% of emitters producing half of all emissions and the top 1% alone producing 17% of emissions, while the bottom 50% of the world produces only 10%. These disparities are driven by “luxury emissions” produced by the carbon-intensive lifestyles of the rich, which too often include private jets, mega-SUVs, yachts, and multiple mansions. Climate change law has been slow to react to the reality of carbon emissions inequality — even as public and media outrage has mounted. Perhaps discouraged by decades of slow progress on both wealth redistribution and carbon consumption policy, policymakers and legal scholars have yet to put forward any serious proposals for how the law might, or should, account for class-based emissions disparities. This Article builds the case for embracing efforts to parse luxury and non-luxury emissions in climate policy design. Luxury carbon is, we assert, distinguishable on multiple salient grounds, including morally, socially, and politically. In a world facing a grave need to parsimoniously consume our remaining “carbon budget” to avoid catastrophic warming, carbon-intense luxury consumption is condemnable in ways that the quotidian — and often structurally constrained — consumption choices of the masses are not. Luxury consumption also drives broader consumption patterns through social dynamics that multiply the effects of policies to regulate high-end emissions, while also potentially activating class politics to build supportive political coalitions. After drawing out these distinctions, we explore how to design a carbon tax to target luxury emissions, considering potential tax bases, rates, and revenue uses. We thus provide a blueprint to spark debate and discussion around how the law might appropriately account for pernicious class divisions in climate culpability. "
• Global taxes on greenhouse gases emissions: a democratic intertwining between fiscal and climate justice

  Tavares, Francisco Mata Machado; Gonçalves, Carolina Lima (2024)

  The goal of the research is to propose a global tax as a Pigouvian disincentive for carbon emissions and to finance reparations and generate sustainable alternatives for socially excluded people. A design of international fiscal and environmental policy inspired by radical democracy is proposed, through the institutionalization of an international fiscal authority capable of collecting and administering taxes that collect revevenue from greenhouse gas emissions. This perspective includes a doubly standpoint, placed on New Fiscal Sociology and neoconstructivism in public policy design. It is also based on a critical dialogue with the political and democratic omissions in studies on global taxes. The literature on taxation and democracy suggests that environmental and social equity policies funded by international funds are more successful if they are associated with tax collection and subject to democratic and inclusive processes. Therefore, a democratic-participatory arrangement is proposed to democratize international fiscal relations and promote climate justice. The recent tax reform in Colombia and similar proposals in Chile and Brazil can serve as inspiration for the design of democratic-participatory forums, as procedural and substantive elements to aid debates on taxes for climate justice.  
• CLARITY: A Call for Transparency in Marine Diamond Mining

  Burger, Morgan (eScholarship, University of California, 2024-07-29)

  This capstone project tells the untold story of marine diamond mining, tracing its origins from the shores of Namibia to the fjords of Greenland. Despite the stark differences between these two locales, they share striking similarities in diamond potential. In Namibia, marine diamond mining flourished prior to the country's independence and the establishment of international mining laws, setting a precedent for potential challenges in Greenland's current political landscape. Through in-depth research, stakeholder interviews, and media production, this project fosters an informed storyline for a full-length documentary film. The capstone deliverables encompass a film treatment, budget, film plan, concise trailer, and transcribed interviews, strategically crafted towards securing future support of the project. The outcome of such seeking to advocate for greater transparency in the diamond industry and policies that prioritize both economic development and environmental integrity. The final film will engage audiences worldwide in considering the implications of marine diamond mining for Greenland's evolving climate and economy.CLARITY film treatment can be found here: https://tinyurl.com/ClarityTreatment CLARITY interview transcriptions can be found here: https://tinyurl.com/ClarityTranscriptions
• Women are under-represented in adaptation policy research and are more likely to emphasise justice topics

  Diana Danilenko; Marina Andrijevic; Anne J Sietsma; Max Callaghan; Tarun Khanna (IOP Publishing, 2024-01-01)

  This paper is the first to analyse the role of women authors in fostering justice-relevant topics in climate adaptation research. As representation, citation and payment patterns remain gender-biased across scientific disciplines, we explore the case of climate science, particularly adaptation, as its most human-oriented facet. In climate research and policy, there has been a recent surge of interest in climate justice topics: mentions of justice have increased almost tenfold in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Group 2 reports between the latest assessment cycles (AR5 and AR6). We conduct a systematic examination of the topic space in the adaptation policy scholarship. As it is a vast and rapidly growing field, we use topic modelling, an unsupervised machine learning method, to identify the literature on climate justice and related fields, as well as to examine the relationship between topic prevalence and the gender of the authors. We find climate change adaptation policy research to be male dominated, with women holding 38.8% of first and 28.8% of last authorships. However, we observe topic-specific variability, whereby the share of female authors is higher among publications on justice-relevant topics. Female authorship is highly linked to topics such as Community, Local Knowledge, and Governance, but less to Food Security and Climate Finance. Our findings corroborate the evidence that female authors play a significant role in advancing the research and dialogue on the relationship between climate change and areas that have meaningful impact on lives of women and other marginalised groups.
• Terrestrial Ecotopias:Multispecies Flourishing in and Beyond the Capitalocene

  Alberro, Heather (Peter Lang, 2024-04-30)

  This book offers a transdisciplinary critical and imaginative examinations of key contemporary manifestations of ecotopianism as ‘fervent refusals’ of the ecocidal colonial-capitalist status quo.
• Climate justice and adaptive capacities in Sub-Saharan Africa

  Shingirai Stanley Mugambiwa (19666327) (2024-09-13)

  Sub-Saharan Africa is at an increased danger of climate change because of its meteorological composition as well as the underdevelopment of many of its countries. Many African nations do not have the resources and the infrastructure necessary to lessen the consequences of climate change, let alone adjust to the impacts of climate change. As such, most of the countries have low adaptive capacities, coupled with lack of economic, governance, and social readiness needed for adaptation and there is a dearth of literature on the role of climate justice in enhancing adaptive capacities. It is therefore essential to frame the issue of climate change within the broader context of justice and equality in pursuit of sustainable development in the region. The aim of this paper was to assess the role of climate justice in strengthening adaptive capacities in sub-Saharan Africa. The study found that adaptive capacity is influenced by a wide variety of factors such as availability of economic and natural resources, social networks, institutions, governance, and technology. As such, justice is important in determining who has and who does not have adaptive capacity. The paper also found that the financial muscle of climate adaptation is a component of justice because it determines who gets what, when and how.
• Relational processes for transformative climate justice policymaking: Insights from a Western Australian community of practice

  Wrigley, Kylie; Yallup Farrant, Jaime; Farrant, Brad; Synnott, Emma Leigh; Barrow, Jason; Godden, Naomi Joy; O’Sullivan, Lucie (Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2024-01-01)

  This article explores how relational approaches to policymaking across multiple levels and sectors of society might enable transformative climate justice. It draws on a unique case study from the state of Western Australia (WA), where climate justice is thwarted by the coloniality of climate politics and the hegemony of the fossil fuel industry. It examines the relational processes of a climate and health community of practice (CoP) in WA that involves people across the health sector, public service, non-government, and community. The CoP had an important role in enabling the WA Government’s public inquiry into climate change and health in 2019–2020, which stimulated a range of new policies, strategies, and inquiries in the state’s climate policy subsystem where meaningful climate action was previously lacking. To understand how relational processes and practices may have enabled the Inquiry, and their transformative potential, a participatory action research study was undertaken. This article reports on findings from interviews and collective analysis with co-researchers including advocates, public servants, and practitioners working at the intersection of climate and health in WA. The Inquiry was in part enabled by relational practices and processes, demonstrated through a Community of Practice, relational organizing, and diverse advocacy coalitions. The article then applies an Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis to assess the transformative potential of a relational approach to climate-responsive policymaking. The analysis reveals persistent inequities concerning recognitional and procedural climate justice and suggests ways that diverse actors involved in policymaking can use a relational approach to address them.
• Climate justice : between strong normativity and weak politicization : a pragmatist inquiry

  Lettres, Idées, Savoirs (LIS) ; Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12); Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12; Patrick Savidan; Wüthrich, Zélie (HAL CCSD, 2023-01-16)

  In this thesis we offer both an empirical and theoretical analysis of the mecanisms through which the normative dimension of climate change is dealt with in a depoliticized way in the decision making process. The increasing appeal to democratic and participative deliberation, through the difficulties it encounters, uncovers an intrinsic tension in the climate decision process: on the one hand, the will to take in charge ethical challenges through strong normative claims, and on the other hand, a heavy relying upon purported neutral discourses of authority to legitimate political choices. Two tendances, seemingly contraditory ones, show up. First, public decision democratization through citizen participation. Second, the diminishment of conflict and normative positionning with an major influence of expertise. The last poses several limits to the ethical and democratic purposes of fighting climate injustices. As we see in the case of the Citizen Convention for Climate (FR), the articulation between expert and citizen knowledge tends to weaken democratic requirements and boil ethical aspects of climate justice down to technical choices.
• Climate Justice: Contributions from Latin American Environmental Sociology

  Cornetta Andreassa, Guilherme (SciELO Preprints, 2024-09-13)

  Understanding the global climate situation necessitates a debate on the topic of climate justice. The reflection produced by the peoples who suffered from colonialism/developing countries is crucial, as their relationship with environmental impacts and climate change, in general, differs from that of developed countries that greatly benefited from colonialism. From this perspective, the work aims to relate environmental justice with considerations from Latin American environmental sociology and its possible contributions to building a broader perspective on combating climate change by expanding the scope of analysis. The goal is to think about the origins of conflicts and which groups are most affected in a brief analysis, considering the limitations of the study’s scope. For this purpose, exploratory and qualitative analyses were used to construct a textual corpus that substantiates the debate within the temporal and material limitations of the paper.
• The Right to Development and Climate Justice: The Nigerian Approach

  Chiamaka Cynthia, Ikeanibe (Schulich Law Scholars, 2022-10-01)

  The individual concepts of the right to development and climate justice have been the subject of much literature. However, the intersection of both concepts remains an emerging discourse. This thesis considers how the implementation of each of the two independent concepts affects the full actualization of the other. It situates itself within the Nigerian jurisdiction to analyse how the implementation of the right to development hinders the attainment of climate justice and vice versa. It argues that the weak response to climate change has impacted the right of the people to reach optimum development. It further argues that the basic objectives of the right to development as advanced by the United Nations are not heeded, and the consequence thereof is climate injustice. The thesis argues that where proper policies aligning both the right to development and climate justice are formulated and implemented, then their individual objectives can be better realized.
• La justice climatique : entre forte normativité et faible politisation : une enquête pragmatiste

  Paris 12; Savidan, Patrick; Wüthrich, Zélie (2023-01-16)

  Cette thèse propose une analyse à la fois empirique et théorique des mécanismes à travers lesquels la dimension normative du changement climatique est traitée de manière dépolitisée dans le processus de décision. En effet, le recours de plus en plus récurrent à la délibération démocratique et participative, par les difficultés auxquelles il se heurte, témoigne d’une tension intrinsèque au processus de décision sur le climat : le partage entre une volonté de prendre en charge les défis éthiques par des propositions normatives fortes et l’appel à un discours d’autorité jugé neutre pour appuyer la légitimité des choix politiques. Deux tendances en apparence contradictoires apparaissent alors, d'une part, la démocratisation de la décision publique par la participation et d'autre part, sa dépolitisation à travers l’influence de l’expertise. Cette dernière pose plusieurs limites aux objectifs éthiques et démocratiques de lutte contre les injustices climatiques. Comme on l'observe dans le cas de la Convention Citoyenne pour le climat, l’articulation des contributions expertes et citoyennes tend à affaiblir les exigences démocratiques ainsi qu’à réduire les dimensions éthiques de la justice climatique à des choix techniques.
• The Polluter Pays Principle and historic emissions : Why the PPP is inadequate as a climate justice principle

  Bergstrand, Hilding (Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2024)

  The increased climate change heightens the risks towards both ecosystems and human health. To tackle the rising risks, both mitigation and adaptation efforts are a necessity. The need for climate efforts raises the question of who ought to bear the financial responsibility to pay. Within the debate of climate justice three main principles have emerged, this essay focuses on one of them, the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP). The PPP asserts that those responsible for pollution should cover the associated costs. The principle faces a challenge when attributing responsibility for historical emissions. Is there a “polluter” that can be held accountable for these emissions? This essay explores potential ways the PPP can be revised to be able to account for historic emissions. A distinction is made between two interpretations of the PPP, an individualistic and a collectivist version. I argue that neither version is adequate equipped to meet the criteria för a climate justice principle and handle historic emissions.
• “I don’t care about climate change” : climate skepticism, knowledge, and climate change engagement in Nigeria

  Adebote, Seyifunmi (SLU/Dept. of Urban and Rural Development, 2024)

  Over the years, climate change has been viewed in different ways, through scientific, natural, social and political lenses. This study explores the different ways in which people engage with climate change, including the linkages between access to knowledge and skeptical representations of climate change. Primarily, the study focuses on climate change skepticism in Nigeria.
 
 Climate change skepticism has largely been examined in developed countries. Through my research, I show that insights from Nigeria, a developing country, can be useful to provide a broader and improved understanding of how climate change skepticism can be approached globally.
 
 Using social representations (SR), a theory used in environmental communication research, I explore how Nigerians construct climate change and its implications. This research shows how the acknowledgement of climate change does not imply a complete absence of skepticism; building on that, the forms, structures and types of climate change representations that react with skepticism are presented. Through a qualitative analysis of 17 semi-structured interviews carried out across four Nigerian states, I examine how climate change is represented in different ways and the elements of skepticism that emerged. Four different social representations of climate skepticism in Nigeria emerged: disengaged, economic, antagonizing, and denialist. In particular, I examine the integration of economic scenarios, assessment of development inequalities, and missing localization of climate indicators into those for social representations.
 
 Thereby, my thesis contributes to an improved understanding of climate skepticism in a developing country such as Nigeria – an under-researched issue –, situating these representations in their respective contexts, and offering a framework to engage with other universal topics that have tendencies for polarization.
• Christian Ethics

  Esther D. Reed; Dion Forster; Rudolf von Sinner; Ernst M. Conradie; Jörg Haustein; Daniel Heide; Ángel F. Méndez-Montoya; Upolu Lumā Vaai (St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology, 2024-08-01)

  Contributed by scholars from diverse traditions and perspectives around the world, this article evidences both unifying and diversifying impulses in Christian ethics and moral thinking. Christian ethics is understood as both lived experience and academic study reflecting upon practice, deploying moral norms, engaging present-day issues, and more. Major topics include climate change, the body, peacemaking, and more. Consideration is also paid to the powerful the role of the Bible in the everyday lives and decision-making of Christian people. Persistent emphases include God’s bias to the poor and how God’s gift of the earth to all in common requires human beings to ensure that those things necessary for life are available to all, including future generations. Christian ethics is shown to be distinctive because it follows from belief in Jesus Christ, the incarnate Son of God, and capable of argumentation without direct reference to revelation. Together, and in a conscious effort to reflect the polyphony of Pentecost (Acts 2:4–6), the contributors find Christian ethics to be an academic discipline of both sorrow and hope.
• Capitalism, territory and conflict: an interview with Maritza Paredes and Anke Kaulard

  Guevara Bustamante, Andrea; Hito Valdivia, Deyanira; Huanca Lara, Grecia; Rivera Chávez, Renzo; Huanis Rivera, Scarlett (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-09-06)

  The following interviews aim to present this year’s theme, “Crisis and Futures of Capitalism: Power, Technology, and Environment.” For this purpose, we spoke with researchers Maritza Paredes and Anke Kaulard. Throughout the interview, key concepts were discussed to understand the environmental issues in current capitalism, such as the notions of “territory,” “territorial conflict,” and “climate justice.” In this approach, the need to understand the territory holistically is emphasized as a social and symbolic production, that is both contested and negotiated by various actors and in which meaning, interdependence with nature, historical processes, social practices, and power relations are inscribed. Additionally, the limitations of how the state is structured to address these conflicts are discussed. Similarly, attention is drawn to the various responses communities undertake in the face of the reconfiguration and attempt to control their territories within the framework of contemporary capitalism.
• Utopian and Dystopian Explorations of Pandemics and Ecological Breakdown: Entangled Futurities

  Alberro, Heather; Atasoy, Emrah; Castle , Nora; Firth , Rhiannon; Scott, Conrad (Routledge, 2024-06)
• Contributo da libertação animal na ética ambiental

  Martinho, Ana Paula; Fernandes, Joana André Correia (2024-09-04)

  A divisão entre a ética ambiental e a libertação animal além de histórica, é uma questão tanto cultural, como sociológica e filosófica. O Homem deixou de cuidar dos animais não humanos, tendo mesmo adulterado os seus habitats, colocando os mesmos vulneráveis e em risco. Quando se pensa no futuro é preciso considerar-se no âmbito do desenvolvimento de uma ética ambiental que enquadre verdadeiramente os animais. O
 presente estudo teve como objetivo principal discutir o papel dos animais sencientes numa perspetiva política, ética e ambiental de modo a aferir-se o contributo da libertação animal na ética ambiental, abordando-se o movimento da libertação animal, o especismo e a ética vegan, no contexto atual de emergência climática. Pretende-se ainda: Identificar a problemática da libertação animal no contexto da ética ambiental; Analisar o contexto da ética vegan como resposta aos direitos dos animais e à emergência climática; Demonstrar
 a necessidade de se incluir verdadeiramente a libertação animal como parte integrante na ética ambiental, numa perspetiva de mitigação das alterações climáticas. O presente estudo através das três componentes – pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas, análise de conteúdo confere uma perspetiva de que os problemas tanto ambientais como animais estão bem identificados, sobretudo nas sociedades ocidentais onde as agendas políticas lhes dedicam alguma retórica mais eloquente. A metodologia qualitativa pareceu a mais adequada para responder aos objetivos do estudo. Realizaram-se cinco entrevistas, onde os entrevistados escolhidos são personalidades da sociedade com impacto na ética ou na causa animal. A partir da análise dos resultados é possível concluir que os problemas ambientais, dos animais e das alterações climáticas estão bem identificados, sendo necessário mais ação para resolver esses problemas. A libertação animal e o movimento
 vegan não sendo a solução para os problemas que a humanidade tem atualmente, são indubitavelmente parte da solução. O maior contributo que a libertação animal pode efetivamente proporcionar à ética ambiental é o de destacar novas áreas importantes que não são acauteladas aquando da intervenção na natureza. A ciência para as alterações climáticas pode ter na libertação animal uma aliada no processo de mitigação.
• The Chicago School’s Coasean Incoherence

  Condon, Madison (Scholarly Commons at Boston University School of Law, 2024-01-01)

  This comment traces the divergent legal academic interpretations of the Chicago School's Ronald Coase and where their influence lands--revealing the law’s inconsistent conception of just what a corporation is or should be. By following Alyssa Battistoni's investigation of the origin of the "externality," we can see the late 60s and early 1970s as a pivotal era. People were waking up to the collective costs of industrialization and pushing back against corporate power. Against this democratic wave, the writings of the Chicago School worked to separate one human person into her different roles in the economy—consumer, worker, shareholder. They used the law to solidify the divergent interests of these roles, even as they preached the gospel of shareholder democracy and personal choice. The law and economics movement helped to argue for limiting the choices and political power of shareholders over corporations, simultaneously as they insisted that profit maximizing was for the shareholders. This comment argues for the resurrection of pre-neoliberal legal conceptions of the corporation as a moral entity and a locus for political change in our fight against the climate crisis.
• Disrupting the imaginaries of urban action to deliver just adaptation

  European Commission; Castán Broto, V.; Olazabal, M.; Ziervogel, G. (Buildings and Cities, 2024-08-14)

  Urban adaptation relates to how people imagine plausible and desirable urban futures. Adaptation imaginaries refer to collective representations of how society should act and towards which goal in the context of unprecedented climate change impacts. However, the existing narratives of adaptation action tend to entrench actions that may not be beneficial in the long term and may lead to maladaptation and inequities. This is the case, for example, of flood protection barriers that displace natural barriers, such as mangroves, or water distribution networks that supply water by depleting reserves elsewhere. New adaptation imaginaries will facilitate just adaptation and enable radical changes in the relationship between humans and their environment. One step to do so is to disrupt the dominant understandings of adaptation. The aim of this special issue is to demonstrate the multiple ways in which such disruption can happen. Three areas where disruption can happen are: (1) in international political narratives, (2) in the relationship between climate change and urbanisation and (3) in the implementation of action on the ground when action encounters the realities of infrastructure and service delivery. This special issue argues that the first step in delivering climate change adaptation is to foster new ways of imagining what adaptation is needed and how it should be delivered. First, there should be efforts to understand the assumptions embedded in dominant imaginaries of urban adaptation. Second, there is a need to understand how urbanisation changes how we imagine urban areas and their resilience. Third, radical attempts to reimagine adaptation are already taking place in daring adaptation practices. Fourth, disruptive frameworks exist to challenge dominant imaginaries, but there is a need for more practical, embedded experiences of urban adaptation alternatives. © 2024 The Author(s).

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