Keywords
corporate governanceWall Street reform
Dodd-Frank Act
say on pay
performance based executive compensation
disclosure
shareholder voting
empirical analysis
problematic incentives
short-termism
excessive risk-taking
Business Law, Public Responsibility, and Ethics
Business Organizations Law
Law
Law and Economics
Law and Society
Organizational Behavior and Theory
Securities Law
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http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/1931http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2933&context=faculty_scholarship
Abstract
The Dodd-Frank Act of 2010 mandated a number of regulatory reforms including a requirement that large U.S. public companies provide their shareholders with the opportunity to cast a non-binding vote on executive compensation. The “say on pay” vote was designed to rein in excessive levels of executive compensation and to encourage boards to adopt compensation structures that tie executive pay more closely to performance. Although the literature is mixed, many studies question whether the statute has had the desired effect. Shareholders at most companies overwhelmingly approve the compensation packages, and pay levels continue to be high. Although a lack of shareholder support for executive compensation is relatively rare, say on pay votes at a number of companies have reflected low levels of shareholder support. A critical question is what factors drive a low say on pay vote. In other words, is say on pay only about pay? In this article, we examine that question by looking at the effect of three factors on voting outcomes -- pay level, sensitivity of pay to performance, and economic performance. Our key finding is the importance of economic performance to say on pay outcomes. Although pay-related variables affect the shareholder vote, even after we control for those variables, an issuer’s economic performance has a substantial effect and, perhaps most significantly, shareholders do not appear to care about executive compensation unless an issuer is performing badly. In other words, the say on pay vote is, to a large extent, say on performance. This finding has important implications. First, it raises questions about the federally-mandated shareholder voting right as a tool for concerns about executive compensation. Say on pay has limited effectiveness if it is only being used to discipline managers who are underperforming or alternatively is not a vote on outsize or inordinate pay as it was intended to be. Second, and more important, to the extent that the shareholder vote influences board behavior, granting shareholders another forum for signaling their dissatisfaction with a firm’s economic performance may be counterproductive. If investors are signaling concerns over near-term stock performance through their say on pay votes, they may be increasing director incentives to focus on short-term stock performance rather than firm value.Date
2017-09-29Type
textIdentifier
oai:scholarship.law.upenn.edu:faculty_scholarship-2933http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/1931
http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2933&context=faculty_scholarship