Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Kosovo : Health Financing Reform StudyThe objective of this report is to present information on the different health financing reform options available to Kosovo, which can help the government to make informed policy decisions about financing reforms. The report focuses on the key insurance functions of revenue collection and management, risk pooling, and purchasing of health care, as well as the supportive regulatory and governance framework for health financing. Kosovo aims to reform health financing by moving toward a health insurance system. To implement the proposed single insurer as described in the health law, a draft law for health insurance was discussed in Parliament in 2004. The draft law envisioned the revenue sources for the future health insurance as follows: (i) 60 percent of Health Insurance Fund (HIF) revenue will be paid by the general budget; (ii) 13.5 percent will come from payroll contributions; (iii) 21 percent will come from direct payments by patients in the form of user fees; and (iv) 6.5 percent will come from patients' co-payments. Three years later, in April 2007, the Kosovo Parliament approved a health insurance law to introduce social health insurance (SHI) financed predominantly through payroll taxes, though it did not specify contribution levels. The revenue potential of such payroll funded insurance was estimated to be modest considering Kosovo's relatively small formal sector and employment rate. The Kosovo health system is predominantly tax funded. Government health spending is about 3 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) and 10 percent of general government expenditures. The ministry of economics and finance (MEF) transfer's health funds from the central budget to hospitals (51 percent), to municipalities in the form of an earmarked health grant for the provision of primary health care (PHC) services (26 percent), and to the ministry of health (MOH) for other services (22 percent) (MEF 2007).
-
Turkey on the Way of Universal Health Coverage through the Health Transformation Program (2003-13)Beginning in 2003, Turkey initiated a
 series of reforms under the Health Transformation Program
 (HTP) that over the past decade have led to the achievement
 of universal health coverage (UHC). The progress of Turkey s
 health system has few if any parallels in scope and
 speed. Before the reforms, Turkey s aggregate health
 indicators lagged behind those of OECD member states and
 other middle-income countries. The health financing system
 was fragmented, with four separate insurance schemes and a
 Green Card program for the poor, each with distinct
 benefits packages and access rules. Both the Ministry of
 Labor and Social Security and Ministry of Health (MoH) were
 providers and financiers of the health system, and four
 different ministries were directly involved in public health
 care delivery. Turkey s reform efforts have impacted
 virtually all aspects of the country s health system and
 have resulted in the rapid expansion of the proportion of
 the population covered and of the services to which they are
 entitled. At the same time, financial protection has
 improved. For example, (i) insurance coverage increased from
 64 to 98 percent between 2002 and 2012; (ii) the share of
 pregnant women having four antenatal care visits increased
 from 54 to 82 percent between 2003 and 2010; and (iii)
 citizen satisfaction with health services increased from
 39.5 to 75.9 percent between 2003 and 2011. Despite dramatic
 improvements there is still space for Turkey to continue to
 improve its citizens health outcomes, and challenges lie
 ahead for improving services beyond primary care. The main
 criticism to reform has so far come from health sector
 workers; the future sustainability of reform will rely not
 only on continued fiscal support to the health sector but
 also the maintenence of service provider satisfaction.
-
Universal Health Coverage for Inclusive and Sustainable Development : Country Summary Report for PeruPeru is an upper middle-income country
 that has experienced fast economic growth (average of 6.9
 percent per year from 2004 to 2013, according World
 Developing Indicators, WDI) combined with a reduction in
 poverty and inequality over the past decade. Economic growth
 was led by exports and domestic demand, generating an
 increase in private investment, attracting foreign capital,
 and strengthening public finances. The population living in
 poverty and extreme poverty fell from 58.7 percent and 16.4
 percent in 2004 to 25.8 percent and 6 percent in 2012,
 respectively (INEI 2014a). Inequality has also decreased,
 with the Gini index declining from 0.503 in 2004 to 0.48.1
 in 2010 (WDI).