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Bulgaria - Accelerating Bulgaria's Convergence : The Challenge of Rasing Productivity, Volume 1. OverviewThe report aims to assist the Bulgarian
 authorities in identifying options for policies and reforms
 that would help to boost productivity and employment and
 thereby economic growth and income convergence. To achieve
 this, the report looks at Bulgaria's product and labor
 markets, human resource development, and R&D and
 innovation system. The reform options are arranged along a
 time dimension, ranging from short to medium term. The
 implications of the proposed policy options for the
 government's budget are also briefly explored,
 including the utilization of EU grant funds. The report
 concentrates mostly on the supply-side aspects of
 Bulgaria's product and labor markets, its education
 (primary and general secondary, VET, tertiary) delivery, and
 its R&D and innovation system.
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Design and Performance of Policy Instruments to Promote the Development of Renewable Energy : Emerging Experience in Selected Developing CountriesThis report summarizes the results of a recent review of the emerging experience with the design and implementation of policy instruments to promote the development of renewable energy (RE) in a sample of six representative developing countries and transition economies ('developing countries') (World Bank 2010). The review focused mainly on price- and quantity-setting policies, but it also covered fiscal and financial incentives, as well as relevant market facilitation measures. The lessons learned were taken from the rapidly growing literature and reports that analyze and discuss RE policy instruments in the context of different types of power market structures. The analysis considered all types of grid-connected RE options except large hydropower: wind (on-shore and off-shore), solar (photovoltaic and concentrated solar power), small hydropower (SHP) (with capacities below 30 megawatts), biomass, bioelectricity (cogeneration), landfill gas, and geothermal. The six countries selected for the review included Brazil, India, Indonesia, Nicaragua, Sri Lanka, and Turkey.
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How Do Special Economic Zones and Industrial Clusters Drive China’s
 Rapid Development?In the past 30 years, China has achieved
 phenomenal economic growth, an unprecedented development
 "miracle" in human history. How did China achieve
 this rapid growth? What have been its key drivers? And, most
 important, what can be learned from China's success?
 Policy makers, business people, and scholars all over the
 world continue to debate these topics, but one thing is
 clear: the numerous special economic zones and industrial
 clusters that emerged after the country's reforms are
 without doubt two important engines of China's
 remarkable development. The special economic zones and
 industrial clusters have made crucial contributions to
 China's economic success. Foremost, the special
 economic zones (especially the first several) successfully
 tested the market economy and new institutions and became
 role models for the rest of the country to follow. Together
 with the numerous industrial clusters, the special economic
 zones have contributed significantly to gross domestic
 product, employment, exports, and attraction of foreign
 investment. The special economic zones have also played
 important roles in bringing new technologies to China and in
 adopting modern management practices. This study briefly
 summarizes the development experiences of China's
 special economic zones and industrial clusters (their
 formation, success factors, challenges, and possible areas
 or measures for policy intervention), based on case studies,
 interviews, field visits, and extensive reviews of the
 existing literature in an attempt to benefit other
 developing countries as well as the broader development community.