Εταιρική κοινωνική ευθύνη ως παράγων υπεραξίας τόσο για τις επιχειρήσεις όσο και για την κοινωνία και το περιβάλλον
Author(s)
Πουλιόπουλος, ΛεωνίδαςKeywords
Εταιρική κοινωνική ευθύνηΚοινωνική υποχρέωση
Κοινωνική ευθύνη
Κοινωνική απόκριση
Θεσμοθέτηση της ΕΚΕ
Αξιολόγηση της ΕΚΕ
Corporate social responsibility
Social obligation
Social responsibility
Social response
Institutionalization
Assessment
Environment
Community, employees, market
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http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/31802Abstract
The subject of this thesis relates to Corporate Social Responsibility as a factor of surplus value, for business, society and for the environment as well. The aim is to identify the characteristics of CSR activity, both in domestic and in foreign enterprises operating in Greece. More specifically, the main objectives of this research are the following five: First, to investigate the perceptions of executives about the benefits and the surplus value of CSR. Second, to find out which are the perceptions of executives for the institutionalization of CSR. Third, to examine in which extent the structure or the activity of a business affects executives' perceptions on the implementation of CSR. Fourth, to investigate if companies should be evaluated and by whom. Fifth and final aim is to examine in which fields of CSR practice, Greek companies are more involved. In this study we use the positivist approach and the methods being used are mainly the quantitative and in particular the method of "opinion survey” with a structured questionnaire of 25 questions. The companies which participated in this survey were selected by the Greek CSR network. The sampling frame of this study consisted by 90 main members - companies and includes enterprises which employing from 10 to over 7,000 employees. From the 90 enterprises in the sampling frame, we received 61 responses, a percentage of almost 70%. For the processing and analysis of data we used the statistical software programmes SPSS 17.0 and AMOS 8.0. The statistical analysis were made by using (a) exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, (b) structural equation modeling, (c) comparisons of mean values (t-tests , analysis of variance). The conclusions show that all senior business executives of the sample are convinced of the benefits and the surplus value earned by enterprises from implementing CSR practices. The executives believe that is necessary for CSR to be institutionalized, but it must remain a voluntary activity. The perceptions of executives about CSR are not affected by the structure or the activity of their business. Another significant conclusion is the belief of executives in the evaluation of businesses and even the establishment of a national assessment body of CSR. According to our results, the participants give priority to society and the environment at first and then to employees and the market. The CSR activities will become increasingly diverse with a tendency to be publicized and the employees will be directly involved in their implementation. Through the results of this thesis we found out that: 1) the goal of achieving profit may be vital, however, the social contribution is significant as well. 2) If we seek a Holistic Management Approach then CSR is a part of it. 3) Small enterprises need to believe in the necessity of implementing a holistic CSR approach, no matter the size of the company. 4) CSR practices are heavily influenced by the moral values of entrepreneurs and managers. 5) The Social Report Post practice is increasingly adopted by many businesses and still growing. 6) Surplus value is created, which benefits businesses and society as well. According to the results and conclusions of the research we can propose some actions to the business executives and managers. First, they can ask for the administration's commitment and dedication to the continuous expression of CSR and seek employees’ contribution to the CSR practices. Also, they can try to expand and diversify CSR practices, emphasize to the importance of a holistic approach of CSR and finally elevate CSR as a vital strategic choice. The contribution of this thesis to the science of Management is that through the research part, we demonstrated the need for the institutionalization of CSR, the perception that CSR creates competitive advantage for businesses and finally that CSR is an integral part of the Holistic Management Approach of Business.Το θέμα της παρούσας διατριβής αναφέρεται στην Εταιρική Κοινωνική Ευθύνη ως παράγοντα υπεραξίας, τόσο για την επιχείρηση, όσο και για την κοινωνία και το περιβάλλον. Σκοπός της έρευνας ήταν να εντοπιστούν τα χαρακτηριστικά άσκησης ΕΚΕ, τόσο στις αμιγώς ελληνικές επιχειρήσεις όσο και στις ξένες που δραστηριοποιούνται στην ελλαδικό χώρο. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, οι επιμέρους βασικοί στόχοι της έρευνας ήταν οι εξής πέντε : α) να ερευνηθούν οι αντιλήψεις των στελεχών για τα οφέλη και την υπεραξία της ΕΚΕ. β) ποιές είναι οι αντιλήψεις των στελεχών για τη θεσμοθέτηση της ΕΚΕ. γ) σε πoιό βαθμό επηρεάζει η δομή ή δραστηριότητα μιας επιχείρησης τις αντιλήψεις των στελεχών για την εφαρμογή της ΕΚΕ. δ) εάν θα πρέπει και από ποιόν θα πρέπει να αξιολογούνται οι επιχειρήσεις. ε) σε ποια πεδία άσκησης ΕΚΕ δίνουν μεγαλύτερη βαρύτητα οι επιχειρήσεις. Στην παρούσα διατριβή ακολουθήθηκε η προσέγγιση του θετικισμού (positivist approach) οι δε μέθοδοι που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ήταν κυρίως οι ποσοτικές, ειδικότερα η μέθοδος της «επισκόπησης γνώμης» (opinion survey), με δομημένο ερωτηματολόγιο 25 ερωτήσεων κλειστού τύπου. Η επιλογή των εταιρειών, στις οποίες απευθύνθηκε το ερωτηματολόγιο έγινε από το Ελληνικό Δίκτυο ΕΚΕ. Το δειγματοληπτικό πλαίσιο της παρούσας μελέτης αποτελείται από τα 90 κύρια μέλη – επιχειρήσεις και περιλαμβάνει επιχειρήσεις που απασχολούν από 10 μέχρι και πάνω από 7.000 εργαζόμενους/ες. Από τις 90 βασικές επιχειρήσεις του δειγματοληπτικού πλαισίου που επιλέξαμε, λάβαμε 61 απαντήσεις ήτοι ποσοστό που αγγίζει το 70%. Για την επεξεργασία και ανάλυση των δεδομένων της έρευνας έγινε χρήση των στατιστικών προγραμμάτων SPSS 17.0 και AMOS 8.0. Οι στατιστικές αναλύσεις έγιναν με τη χρήση (α) της εξερευνητικής και επιβεβαιωτικής ανάλυσης παραγόντων (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), (β) της μεθόδου των μοντέλων δομικών εξισώσεων (structural equation modeling), (γ) των συγκρίσεων μέσων τιμών (t-tests, analysis of variance). Τα συμπεράσματα που προέκυψαν δείχνουν, ότι όλα τα ανώτερα στελέχη των επιχειρήσεων που συμμετείχαν στην έρευνα, είναι πεπεισμένα για τα οφέλη και την υπεραξία που αποκομίζει η επιχείρηση από την εφαρμογή πρακτικών ΕΚΕ. Προκύπτει επίσης ότι είναι απαραίτητη η θεσμοθέτηση της ΕΚΕ, με την προϋπόθεση να διατηρηθεί ο εθελοντικός της χαρακτήρας. Οι αντιλήψεις των στελεχών σχετικά με την ΕΚΕ, δεν επηρεάζονται από τη δομή ή δραστηριότητα της επιχείρησης τους. Συμπεραίνεται επίσης ότι τα στελέχη θεωρούν, ότι οι επιχειρήσεις θα πρέπει να αξιολογούνται και μάλιστα δίνουν μεγάλη σημασία στην δημιουργία εθνικού φορέα αξιολόγησης της ΕΚΕ. Μεγαλύτερη βαρύτητα δίνουν στην κοινωνία και το περιβάλλον και ακολουθούν οι τομείς των εργαζομένων και της αγοράς. Οι δραστηριότητες ΕΚΕ θα γίνονται όλο και πιο ποικιλόμορφες με την τάση να δημοσιοποιούνται και να συμμετέχουν άμεσα οι εργαζόμενοι στην υλοποίησή τους. Μέσα από τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής διαπιστώθηκε ότι: 1) Το δόγμα της επίτευξης κέρδους μπορεί να μην είναι αμφισβητήσιμο, όμως ούτε και η κοινωνική επιταγή είναι αμφισβητήσιμη. 2) Εάν επιζητούμε μια Ολιστική Διοίκηση Επιχειρήσεων τότε η ΕΚΕ είναι μέρος αυτής. 3) Οι μικρομεσαίες επιχειρήσεις παρά την εξαίρεση που παρουσιάζει ο κανόνας, δεν έχουν πιστέψει ακόμη στην αναγκαιότητα της εφαρμογής μιας ολιστικής ΕΚΕ. 4) Οι πρακτικές ΕΚΕ επηρεάζονται σε μεγάλο βαθμό από τις προσωπικές ηθικές αξίες των επιχειρηματιών ή των υπευθύνων διοικητικών στελεχών. 5) Η Δημοσίευση Κοινωνικών απολογισμών υιοθετείται όλο και από περισσότερες επιχειρήσεις και βελτιώνεται. 6) Δημιουργείται υπεραξία, η οποία ωφελεί τόσο την επιχείρηση, όσο και την κοινωνία και το περιβάλλον.Βάσει των αποτελεσμάτων της έρευνας προτείνονται στα στελέχη της ΕΚΕ κάποιες ενέργειες. Πρώτον, να ζητούν από την διοίκηση την δέσμευση και την συνεχή έκφραση αφοσίωσης προς την ΕΚΕ. Δεύτερον, να ζητούν την καθολική συμμετοχή των εργαζομένων στην άσκηση πρακτικών ΕΚΕ. Τρίτον, να διευρύνουν και να διαφοροποιούν τις πρακτικές ΕΚΕ. Τέταρτον, να τονίζουν την σημασία της ολιστικής προσέγγισης της ΕΚΕ και τέλος να αναγάγουν την ΕΚΕ ως απαραίτητη πρακτική στρατηγικής επιλογής. Το καινοτόμο της διατριβής αυτής είναι, ότι σε ερευνητικό επίπεδο κατέδειξε την αναγκαιότητα για θεσμοθέτηση της ΕΚΕ, ότι η στρατηγική επιλογής της ΕΚΕ δημιουργεί συγκριτικό πλεονέκτημα για τις επιχειρήσεις, καθώς επίσης και ότι η ΕΚΕ είναι αναπόσπαστο μέρος της Ολιστικής Διοίκησης των Επιχειρήσεων.
Date
2014Identifier
oai:10442/31802http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/31802
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