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Towards Open Knowledge : The State of World Bank Knowledge ServicesThis first World Bank Knowledge Report
 launches what is intended as a series of World Bank
 Knowledge Reports. Although knowledge is a fundamental to
 the Bank s overall mission, and informs all of the Bank s
 development activities, it has not received the same degree
 of attention from management that has been accorded to its
 lending activities. By paying attention to knowledge work as
 a distinct service, the Bank and our stakeholders will be
 able to better understand the results of that work. This
 will lead to better management of the knowledge production
 process, more strategic partnerships with other knowledge
 institutions, and greater operational and policy impact. As
 the first in the series, this report spends some time
 surveying the horizon describing what kind of knowledge
 activities the World Bank undertakes and what its experience
 with this type of work has been. Consultations within the
 Bank and with external reviewers and partners during
 preparation of the report have enabled the institution to
 speak more clearly about the full range of these activities,
 and how they are evolving in response to changing conditions
 in the world and the changing demands of clients. In terms
 of the way forward, this first Knowledge Report makes some
 specific recommendations for measuring results and opening
 many of the Bank s processes to more external inputs. The
 report also identifies important issues that will become
 part of ongoing conversations, both within the Bank and with
 clients and external partners. This volume is a synthesis of
 inputs from a variety of studies and units across the Bank.
 These are covered in significantly greater detail in a
 Background Report, which may be of greatest interest to Bank
 staff and managers who want a more in-depth understanding.
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Reforming Innovation Systems : Moving Beyond Lectures and LabsThese proceedings provide an overview of
 the main issues and conclusions presented at the 2009
 Fontainebleau knowledge economy forum by an outstanding
 group of academics, practitioners, and policymakers. These
 proceedings encapsulate the debate that was generated by: 1)
 the World Bank's most recent Europe and Central Asia
 Knowledge Economy (ECAKE) third report: restructuring of
 research and development institutes across the Europe and
 Central Asia (ECA) Region, which was put up for
 consultations with the forum's participants; 2) the
 proceedings reflect the discussion on the higher education
 reform across the ECA region, specifically the merits and
 challenges associated with world-class universities and the
 capacity of ECA's Higher Education Institution's
 (HEIs) to foster skills and job growth; and 3) the need for
 adoption of a stronger national Quality Infrastructure (QI)
 in countries across the ECA region as a key ingredient of
 more effective commercialization of research output, product
 development, and exports. The study builds on the extensive
 literature on enterprise restructuring and privatization in
 ECA on the one hand, and on the evidence from the Research
 and Development Institute (RDI) statistics and case studies
 on the other, to strategy for reform of RDIs.
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Knowledge, Productivity, and
 Innovation in Nigeria : Creating a New EconomyHarnessing knowledge for development is
 not a new concept. Knowledge has always been central to
 development and can mean the difference between poverty and
 wealth. The knowledge economy is not just about establishing
 high-tech industries and creating an innovative and
 entrepreneurial culture. Economic literature indicates that
 simply adopting existing technologies widely available in
 developed countries can dramatically boost productivity and
 economic growth. This paper highlights the knowledge economy
 (KE) issues that confront Nigeria and offers policy
 prescriptions that will allow the country to take advantage
 of the opportunities available in moving toward a
 knowledge-based economy. The Knowledge Assessment
 Methodology (KAM) developed by the World Bank considers four
 pillars: a) skills and education, b) business environment,
 c) information and communications infrastructure, and d)
 innovation system.