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China - From Poor Areas to Poor People : China’s Evolving Poverty Reduction Agenda - An Assessment of Poverty and Inequality in ChinaChina's progress in poverty
 reduction over the last 25 years is enviable. One cannot
 fail to be impressed by what this vast nation of 1.3 billion
 people has achieved in so little time. In terms of a wide
 range of indicators, the progress has been remarkable.
 Poverty in terms of income and consumption has been
 dramatically reduced. Progress has also been substantial in
 terms of human development indicators. Most of the
 millennium development goals have either already been
 achieved or the country is well on the way to achieving
 them. As a result of this progress, the country is now at a
 very different stage of development than it was at the dawn
 of the economic reforms at the beginning of the 1980s.
 China's poverty reduction performance has been even
 more striking. Between 1981 and 2004, the fraction of the
 population consuming below this poverty line fell from 65
 percent to 10 percent, and the absolute number of poor fell
 from 652 million to 135 million, a decline of over half a
 billion people. The most rapid declines in poverty, in both
 the poverty rate and the number of poor, occurred during the
 6th, 8th, and 10th plans. During the 7th plan period the
 number of poor actually rose, while in the 9th plan period,
 the poverty rate declined only marginally. But the pace of
 poverty reduction resumed between 2001 and 2004 and there
 are indications that during the first couple of years of the
 11th plan poverty has continued to decline rapidly. The most
 recent official estimate of rural poverty in China for 2007
 puts the number of poor at 14.79 million, or less than 2
 percent of the rural population. While there is no official
 urban poverty line, estimates by others have found poverty
 levels in urban areas to be negligible using an urban
 poverty line that is comparable to the official poverty line
 for rural areas. These estimates thus suggest that only
 about 1 percent of China's population is currently in
 extreme poverty. Notwithstanding this tremendous success,
 the central thesis of this report is that the task of
 poverty reduction in many ways continues and in some
 respects has become more demanding.
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Investing in People to Fight Poverty in Haiti : Reflections for Evidence-based Policy MakingDespite a decline in both monetary and
 multidimensional poverty rates since 2000, Haiti remains
 among the poorest and most unequal countries in Latin
 America. Two years after the 2010 earthquake, poverty was
 still high, particularly in rural areas. This report
 establishes that in 2012 more than one in two Haitians was
 poor, living on less than $ 2.41 a day, and one person in
 four was living below the national extreme poverty line of
 $1.23 a day. Extreme poverty declined from 31 to 24 percent
 between 2000 and 2012, and there have been some gains in
 access to education and sanitation, although access to basic
 services is generally low and is characterized by important
 inequalities. Urban areas have fared relatively better than
 rural areas, reflecting more nonagricultural employment
 opportunities, larger private transfers, more access to
 critical goods, and services and narrowing inequality
 compared to rural areas. Continued advances in reducing both
 extreme and moderate poverty will require greater, more
 broad-based growth, but also a concerted focus on increasing
 the capacity of the poor and vulnerable to accumulate
 assets, generate income, and better protect their
 livelihoods from shocks. Special attention should be given
 to vulnerable groups such as women and children and to rural
 areas, which are home to over half of the population and
 where extreme poverty persists, and income inequality is increasing.
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Yemen Poverty Assessment : Volume 3. Poverty MapsFrom what was historically known as
 'Arabia Felix', a land of prosperity and
 happiness, Yemen has become the most impoverished among the
 Arab countries. The government of the united Yemen, formed
 in 1990, has launched so far three five-year economic reform
 plans with the goal of restoring Yemen's prosperity.
 Have these efforts succeeded? What policies are needed to
 further reduce poverty? The poverty assessment report aims
 to answer these questions. This report measures poverty in
 Yemen in 2005-06, and evaluates the change in poverty
 compared to 1998, the two years for which comparable
 household budget surveys are available. The period between
 the two survey years (1998 and 2005-06), more or less
 overlaps the first two five-year economic plans and captures
 the effect of the economic reform programs launched since
 1995. In addition to measuring poverty, this report has
 three objectives: evaluating the role of growth and past
 reforms on poverty, identifying better ways to target the
 vulnerable poor through public action, and an assessment of
 the poverty monitoring system. By examining the effect of
 the key policies on poverty, such as the petroleum price
 reform and the government's social protection
 mechanisms between 1998 and 2005-06, the study aims to equip
 policy makers and development partners with the knowledge
 needed to improve the effectiveness of their efforts to
 reduce poverty in Yemen.