DISCUSSION FORUM Grey areas: irresponsible corporations and reputational dynamics

Abstract

tation, a roundtable was convened to discuss the reputational dynamics surround-ing corporations engaged in ethical ‘grey areas’, where actions are likely to be deemed as being socially irresponsible and often later result in public scandal. The presenters wrote up their comments in the form of short essays which are collected together in this forum. The introductory piece by Jackson and Brammer challenges the conventional wisdom that irresponsible behaviour by corporations is associated with strong reputational penalties. In various ways, the Discussion Forum contribu-tors explore why this link may be weak or highly contingent, focusing on dynamics at different levels of analysis. Karpoff identifies grey areas of firm behaviour charac-terized by market failures around both negative and positive externalities, and reviews evidence showing prospects and limits of reputation in this context. The next two contributions by Lange and Zavyalova address problems with the social at-tribution of irresponsible behaviour at a micro level of analysis. Harrington shows further how micro-level attributions are shaped by wider historical and institutional contexts bypresentingevidenceon how individual investors responded to thewide-spreadfraud inwakeoffinancial crises in theUSA.PartnoyandKingstress the roleof public and private forms of regulation, stressing the role of macro-level institutions in defining legitimate behaviour and framing expectations about what is respon-sible or irresponsible. Applying these various concepts, Deephouse reconstructs the history of Apple’s encounters with grey areas and the reputational conse-quences thereof.