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Social Polarization, Social Institutions, and Country Creditworthiness

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Author(s)
Keefer, Philip
Knack, Stephen
Keywords
POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
INCOME INEQUALITY DATA
ECONOMIC POLICY
ETHNIC CONFLICT
INCOME LEVELS
CRISES
INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
POLARIZATION MEASURES
WEALTH
NEGATIVE COEFFICIENT
ETHNIC GROUPS
DISCOUNT RATES
REGRESSION ANALYSIS
ETHNIC POLARIZATION
TERMS OF TRADE
POLITICAL ECONOMY
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
DEBT
SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS
MORAL HAZARD
NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP
PROPERTY RIGHTS
COLLECTIVE ACTION
LORENZ CURVE
ETHNIC GROUP
EXOGENOUS CHANGES
MEASUREMENT ERROR
GINI COEFFICIENT
ECONOMIC POLICIES
MEAN VALUE
INEQUALITY DATA
POLITICAL SCIENCE LITERATURE
GOVERNMENT DECISION MAKING
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
SOCIAL ISOLATION
POLICY RESEARCH
HIGH INFLATION
MEDIAN VOTERS
POLITICAL FREEDOMS
ECONOMIC GROWTH
AGGREGATE INCOME
OIL
ALTERNATIVE POLICIES
INCOME LEVEL
DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME
ECONOMIC OUTCOMES
ETHNIC HOMOGENEITY
POLITICAL SCIENCE
COUNTRY COVERAGE
CREDITWORTHINESS
DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS
ETHNIC DIVISIONS
COMPETITIVENESS
AGRICULTURE
POLICY DECISIONS
PARLIAMENT
DEMOCRACY
ENFORCEABILITY
INCOME INEQUALITY
INCOME GROUPS
DEFICIT SPENDING
LAND OWNERSHIP
NEGATIVE EFFECT
POLITICAL CONFLICT
GDP
INCOME GROWTH
INCOME PER CAPITA
ECONOMIC EXCHANGE
ABSOLUTE VALUE
COEFFICIENT ESTIMATES
INVESTMENT CLIMATE
INCOME
PRIME MINISTER
MEDIAN VOTER
EMPIRICAL WORK
EXTERNAL SHOCKS
POLITICAL PARTIES
ASSET INEQUALITY
INEQUALITY MEASURES
LINK BETWEEN INEQUALITY AND GROWTH
ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES
GOVERNMENT DECISION-MAKING
INEQUALITY VARIABLES
INTEREST RATES
LINGUISTIC FRACTIONALIZATION
LINGUISTIC GROUP
POLICY MAKING
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
GOVERNMENT COMMITMENTS
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
POLITICAL SYSTEMS
SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE
INEQUALITY COEFFICIENT
FREEDOM HOUSE
WEALTH POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
BUSINESS CYCLE
POSITIVE EFFECT
LAND INEQUALITY
PER CAPITA INCOME
SOCIAL CONFLICTS
SOCIAL CONFLICT
INTEREST RATE
CIVIL LIBERTIES
NET EFFECT
EXOGENOUS SHOCKS
INSTITUTIONAL VARIABLES
POLITICAL VIOLENCE
INEQUALITY OBSERVATIONS
SOCIAL POLARIZATION
INCOME TAXATION
VETO POWER
POLITICAL CONDITIONS
REVERSE CAUSATION
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
MONETARY POLICY
ETHNIC FRACTIONALIZATION
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/337199
Online Access
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19227
Abstract
The literature argues that the presence
 of multiple veto players (government decisionmakers) with
 polarized interests increases the credibility of sovereign
 commitments, but reduces the ability of governments to
 adjust policies in the event of exogenous shocks that
 jeopardize their ability to honor their commitments. In the
 case of sovereign lending, if the first effect prevails,
 countries would be regarded as more creditworthy; if the
 second, less. The authors address two issues. First, using
 measures of country creditworthiness, they ask whether the
 net effect of multiple veto players is positive or negative.
 Second, though, the authors go beyond the existing
 literature to argue that the net effect of multiple veto
 players depends on the nature of social polarization in a
 country. In particular, they argue that political
 competition is fundamentally different in countries
 exhibiting ethnic polarization than in countries polarized
 according to income or wealth. The evidence supports the
 prediction that multiple veto players matter more when
 countries are more ethnically polarized, but less when
 income inequality is greater.
Date
2014-08-01
Type
Publications & Research
Identifier
oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/19227
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19227
Copyright/License
CC BY 3.0 IGO
合集
Elections and Ethics

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