Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Labor Markets and School-to-Work Transition in Egypt : Diagnostics, Constraints, and Policy FrameworkAnalysis in this policy note indicates a rapid deterioration in employment opportunities for young individuals transitioning from school to work in Egypt. Despite substantial improvements in labor market outcomes in recent years (in raising employment and participation and in lowering unemployment), unemployment rates in Egypt remain exceedingly high among youth entering the labor market for the first time. A slow school-to-work transition remains the main reason behind high unemployment rates. Young entrants to the labor market have become more educated than ever before: the share of the working-age-population with university education in Egypt has increased significantly between the years 1998 and 2006 (from 14% to 19% among men and from 9% to 14% among women). However, youth are unable to capitalize the time and resources invested in their education as the labor market is not providing enough good-quality jobs for them. To cope with scarce formal jobs, young-educated workers are opting to work in the informal sector and/or withdraw from the labor force, which is contributing to a deadweight loss of recent investments in education. There are three key factors that seem to explain why school-to-job transition remains low in Egypt: investments in the private sector remain low and capital intensive, new graduates are not equipped with the skills demanded by the private sector, and the public sector still provides incentives for educated individuals (mainly women) to queue for private sector jobs. There are several policy options used in the international context to further enhance the performance of the labor market; such as enhancing employability of new entrants, reforming the technical and vocational training system, and designing targeted programs aiming to boost labor demand.
-
Kosovo - Youth in Jeopardy : Being Young, Unemployed, and Poor in KosovoThe main objective of the report is to provide diagnosis on youth employment, which can provide the basis for future policy design. The report is structured as follows: the chapter one provides a general background of macroeconomic and employment outcomes in Kosovo. The chapter then explains the framework, scope, and limitations of this study (Why youth? Why youth in jeopardy?). Chapter two develops a youth employment profile using data from the 2003-2006 labor force surveys and the 2006 household budget survey; analysis includes a profile of youth in jeopardy in Kosovo, employment trends, and assessment of youth employment quality and constraints. Chapter three provides an overview of the current youth programs and policies being implemented in the territory in the context of the Kosovo Youth National Action Plan (KYNAP).
-
Ghana - Job Creation and Skills Development : Main ReportAccording to Government, Ghana is facing
 many challenges in the area of skill development and job
 creation. The Government is particularly concerned with: (i)
 unemployment among the youth (6.1 percent in 2005 for 15-24
 years old), which has been attributable to the rapid
 population growth rate of the youth, the rapid urbanization
 rate, the quality of labor supply, and low labor absorption
 rate of the economy; and (ii) the external efficiency of the
 education training system and its ability to supply the
 skills demanded by a diversified and competitive economy.
 Moreover, other related concerns include: channeling
 economic growth toward creating jobs, including 'good
 jobs'; better understanding the functioning of the
 informal sector; explaining the mismatch between skills
 development and jobs; improving labor market indicators;
 monitoring and evaluating employment programs'
 outcomes; reviewing the role of labor market regulations in
 job creation; and reforming technical vocational education
 and training (TVET) systems. The key objective of
 Ghana's development policy is to accelerate economic
 growth and put the creation of new and better jobs at the
 center of the Government agenda. In this context, and
 complementing the recent Country Economic Memorandum (CEM)
 and earlier Bank's work on youth employment, this
 report addresses labor market challenges that Ghana is
 facing, particularly as it strives for middle income status
 by 2015. This report: (a) briefly reviews the determinants
 of labor demand; (b) analyzes labor market outcomes based on
 recent survey data; (c) reviews the role of labor policies,
 institutions and programs; and (d) examines education and
 skills development policies and their links to labor market outcomes.