Author(s)
Christophersen, ClaasKeywords
Sociology & anthropologyPolitical science
Politikwissenschaft
Soziologie, Anthropologie
Organisationssoziologie, Militärsoziologie
politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture
Organizational Sociology
protest behavior
civil society
non-governmental organization
social institution
protest
institutionalization
criticism
social movement
democracy
globalization
protest movement
political institution
Attac
soziale Bewegung
Protest
Demokratie
Protestbewegung
soziale Institution
Globalisierung
Kritik
Attac
Protestverhalten
politische Institution
nichtstaatliche Organisation
Zivilgesellschaft
Institutionalisierung
wissenschaftstheoretisch
epistemological
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http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/19342http://www.wiso.uni-hamburg.de/fileadmin/sozialoekonomie/zoess/ExMA-Paper-Christophersen-LW1-MA.pdf
Abstract
"Soziale Protestbewegungen, so könnte man denken, befinden sich stets in einem Dilemma. Mit ihren politischen Forderungen stellen sie sich gegen das System oder Teilaspekte des gesellschaftlichen Systems, in dem sie entstanden sind. Doch um diese Forderungen durchzusetzen, müssen Protestbewegungen – sei es durch reformerische oder revolutionäre Strategie – in die herrschenden Institutionen eindringen, um sie zu verändern. Dadurch verliert der Protest aber seinen spezifischen Bewegungscharakter. Im extremen Fall einer (erfolgreichen) Revolution werden Bewegungen dann selbst zu herrschenden Institutionen; in jedem Fall aber müssen sie sich letzteren ein Stück weit angleichen – und somit denjenigen Mechanismen gehorchen, die sie in ihrer Entstehungsphase gerade abgelehnt, bekämpft, kritisiert haben. Lassen sich soziale Protestbewegungen hingegen nicht auf diesen Institutionalisierungsprozess ein, mauern sie sich in den gesellschaftlichen Nischen ein, aus denen sie hervorgegangen sind; aus Bewegungen werden Sekten, deren politische Forderungen keine Chance haben, erfüllt zu werden. Doch sind diese Prozesse tatsächlich so unausweichlich wie hier dargestellt, oder verändern sie sich historisch? Und: Sollte sich erweisen, dass es aus dem skizzierten Dilemma keinen wirklichen Ausweg gibt, wie könnten soziale Protestbewegungen dann den Widerspruch zwischen Bewegung und Institutionalisierung produktiv nutzen? Diesen Fragen will die vorliegende Masterarbeit nachgehen. Dies soll in drei Schritten geschehen. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit werden in einem Problemaufriss die Spuren, die das Bewegungs-Institutionalisierungs-Dilemma sozialen Protests in Schriften der politischen Soziologie, Politikwissenschaft und der Politischen Philosophie hinterlassen hat, verfolgt. Am Anfang steht der Versuch, die Phänomene 'soziale Bewegungen' und (politische) 'Institutionen' begrifflich zu schärfen bzw. die terminologischen Ambivalenzen in der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion darzustellen (Kap. 1.1 und 1.2). Dabei werden politische Institutionen in herrschende Institutionen, die soziale Bewegungen bekämpfen, und Gegen-Institutionen, die soziale Bewegungen selbst hervorbringen und darstellen, differenziert. Der Prozess der Institutionalisierung bedeutete dann eine Übernahme herrschender institutioneller Mechanismen sowohl im gesellschaftlichen Umwelt- als auch im internen Organisationsbezug sozialer Bewegungen. Eine solche doppelte Institutionalisierung beobachteten bereits am Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts die Verfechter der so genannten 'Oligarchisierungsthese', wie Rosa Mayreder, Robert Michels, aber auch Max Weber (Kap. 1.3.1). Heute, knapp hundert Jahre später, wird der unvermeidliche Umschlag von Bewegungen in oligarchische Institutionen in Soziologie und Politikwissenschaft zunehmend in Zweifel gezogen. Pate für diese Tendenz steht Ulrich Beck mit seinem Konzept der 'Subpolitik' (Kap. 1.3.2). Doch selbst, wenn man annimmt, dass herrschende politische Institutionen und Bewegungen zunehmend verschränkt handeln, müssen doch ein spezifischer Bewegungs- und Institutionencharakter politischen Akteurshandelns erhalten bleiben – besonders in der Herrschaftsform Demokratie, die schon von ihrem normativen Anspruch her Bewegungsforderungen in ihre herrschenden Institutionen integrieren oder wenigstens mit ihnen auf irgendeine Weise umgehen muss (Kap. 1.3.3). Damit ist keinesfalls gesagt, dass in der Moderne nicht auch immer wieder anti-demokratische, politisch rechts stehende soziale Bewegungen entstehen konnten. Diese Masterarbeit beschränkt sich aber auf Bewegungen vornehmlich aus dem linken Lager – diese bilden schließlich die Hauptforschungsgegenstände der Bewegungsforschung." (Textauszug)Date
2010-10-14Type
MonographieIdentifier
oai:gesis.izsoz.de:document/19342http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/19342
http://www.wiso.uni-hamburg.de/fileadmin/sozialoekonomie/zoess/ExMA-Paper-Christophersen-LW1-MA.pdf
urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-193423
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Deposit Licence - Keine Weiterverbreitung, keine BearbeitungCollections
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