Contentious Food Politics: sozialer Protest, Märkte und Zivilgesellschaft (18.-20. Jahrhundert)
Author(s)
Gailus, ManfredContributor(s)
Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbHKeywords
PolitikwissenschaftGeschichte
History
Political science
Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture
Social History, Historical Social Research
Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung
politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
nutrition
civil society
demand
eighteenth century
Germany
social conflict
historical development
protest
market
need
food
social policy
France
violence
peace time
Great Britain
First World War
German Reich
twentieth century
nineteenth century
Deutsches Reich
20. Jahrhundert
historische Entwicklung
Protest
sozialer Konflikt
Markt
Bedarf
19. Jahrhundert
Bedürfnis
Zwischenkriegszeit
Deutschland
Lebensmittel
Gewalt
Erster Weltkrieg
Großbritannien
Frankreich
Ernährung
18. Jahrhundert
Zivilgesellschaft
Sozialpolitik
descriptive study
historical
deskriptive Studie
historisch
Full record
Show full item recordOnline Access
http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/11831http://skylla.wz-berlin.de/pdf/2004/iv04-504.pdf
Abstract
"Subsistenzproteste (food riots, Lebensmittelunruhen) sind eine historisch wie aktuell ubiquitäre Variante sozialen Konflikts. Sie sind Bestandteil einer weithin noch ungeschriebenen Sozial- und Mentalitätengeschichte von Märkten. Hier in einem weitergefassten Sinn als contentious food politics thematisiert, werden darunter strittige Aushandlungsprozesse zwischen verschiedenen Gesellschaftsgruppen, sowohl unmittelbar gegeneinander wie auch mit dem Staat, um Zugang bzw. Verfügung über lebenswichtige Grundnahrungsmittel verstanden. Letzthin umschreibt das Konzept ein weitgespanntes Repertoire sozialer Konfrontationen und Kämpfe um Existenz und auskömmliches Leben. Das vorliegende Discussion Paper skizziert die historische Verbreitung und Relevanz dieser Konflikte von klassischen alteuropäischen Ausprägungen des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts in England, Frankreich und Deutschland über einschlägige Konflikte der Weltkriegs- und Zwischenkriegszeit bis hin zu ähnlich gearteten Antiglobalisierungsprotesten (austerity riots) der Gegenwart und fragt nach den jeweiligen Relationen zwischen diesen Sozialkonfliktfeldern und Zivilgesellschaften. Betont wird die ambivalente, im Ganzen eher schwierige Beziehungsgeschichte zwischen beiden konträren 'Lebenswelten', generell zwischen dem Sozialen und dem Zivilen. Gewiss gab es temporäre Annäherungen und gemeinsame Schnittmengen, etwa im Verlauf des späteren 19. Jahrhunderts im Kontext einer Transformation solcher Ressourcenkonflikte und Tendenzen einer Selbstzivilisierung der Protestakteure (Respektabilitätsdiskurse) im Umkreis der Arbeiterbewegungen. Zeitgenössische Protestaktionen unter Parolen wie 'Selbsthilfe' konnten an zivilgesellschaftliche Wertüberzeugungen durchaus anknüpfen und zu dauerhaften Assoziationen, Vernetzungen etc. führen. Sehr häufig jedoch - besonders in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts - repräsentierten sie eher destruktive Auflösungstendenzen von Gesellschaften, die völlig aus den Fugen zu geraten drohten und teilweise ins Totalitäre abglitten. Zugleich verweist die Fortdauer der Proteste im 20. Jahrhundert auf anhaltende Vermittlungsprobleme mit zivilgesellschaftlichen Projekten: 'direkte Aktion' und hohe Gewaltneigungen, sozialegalitäre Ansprüche auf Umverteilung sowie hartnäckige Versorgungsmentalitäten schlossen Allianzen/ Vereinbarungen mit zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteuren und deren Normen eher aus. Auf zivilgesellschaftlicher Seite korrespondierte damit eine relative Sprachlosigkeit hinsichtlich der sozialen Erwartungshaltungen der Protestakteure. Zivilgesellschaftliche Projekte bleiben, entsprechend ihrer Gemeinwohlziele, darauf verwiesen, soziale Programme zu formulieren, wollen sie erfolgreicher zukünftige gesellschaftliche 'Entgleisungen' verhindern, eine historische Aufgabe, die sie im frühen 20. Jahrhundert leider gründlich versäumt haben." (Autorenreferat)"Historically as well as in present-day global perspectives, subsistence protests (food or market riots) represent a ubiquitous variation of social conflict, they are part of an almost unwritten social history and histoire des mentalités of markets. Conceptualized here in a broader sense as contentious food politics, these conflicts are conceived as negotiation processes between different groups within societies (among themselves as well as with the state) enabling access to basic foods. More generally, the concept deals with social conflicts about survival and subsistence. This discussion paper outlines the historical extent and relevance of those conflicts from classical European manifestations of 18th and 19th century England, France and Germany over similar conflicts of the 20th century war and inter-war period up to antiglobalisation conflicts (austerity riots) of the present day, discussing the relationships between those fields of conflict and civil societies. As a general result concerning social and civil relations, it is emphasized that those relationships were critical, difficult and precarious. Certainly, there were temporary phases of approximation and even some intersections, for instance during late 19th century transformations of those resource conflicts and trends of self-civilizing of their actors (discourses on respectability) in the context of labour movements. Contemporary actions following slogans like self-help ('Selbsthilfe') could join norms of civil society leading to associations, networks etc. However, very often - especially in the first part of 20th century - they represented more destructive tendencies of dissolution in a society which was threatened to fall apart entirely. At the same time, the persistence of those conflicts in the 20th century shows prevalent problems of mediation within civil society projects: direct action and a strong tendency toward violence, social egalitarian demands for redistribution and long-lasting mentalities of provision precluded alliances with civil societal actors and their norms. On the side of civil society, this corresponded with silence concerning the social expectations of protest actors. Before this historical background it is argued here that civil society projects, according to their proclaimed selfobligations to the common good, should develop social programs more explicitly if they want to prevent new and more global societal derailments more successfully in the future - something they failed to do in Germany and elsewhere in the early 20th century." (author's abstract)
Date
2010-06-10Type
ArbeitspapierIdentifier
oai:gesis.izsoz.de:document/11831http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/11831
http://skylla.wz-berlin.de/pdf/2004/iv04-504.pdf
urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-118314
Copyright/License
Deposit Licence - Keine Weiterverbreitung, keine BearbeitungCollections
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