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Participation, Decentralization and Human RightsThis report examines the theoretical and
 practical synergies between three intervention models that
 are currently being employed to improve local governance in
 developing countries: 1) democratic decentralization or
 devolution; 2) community participatory approaches, and; 3)
 rights-based approaches. The aim is to identify the
 possibilities and challenges of an 'integrative
 approach' to local governance that combines the
 strengths of each of the three intervention models. It is
 assumed that an integrative approach can help enhance
 efforts to improve the downward accountability of local
 governments, enhance equity in the distribution of services
 and in various citizens' access to influence, and
 increase citizen participation in local governance
 processes. This is supported by a number of empirical cases
 from Africa, Latin America, Asia and Bosnia-Herzegovina,
 which are presented in the report. Each case also highlights
 a number of context-specific challenges to using an
 integrative approach, such as available financial resources,
 national policy environments and local conflicts. The report
 fills this gap by both identifying theoretical synergies and
 by drawing on the few empirical cases that exist.
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Issues and Options for Improving Engagement between the World Bank and Civil Society OrganizationsThe purpose of this paper is to assess
 the World Bank's recent relations with civil society
 organizations (CSOs), that is, nongovernmental organizations
 and not-for-profit organizations, and to propose options for
 promoting more effective civic engagement in Bank-supported
 activities and managing associated risks in the future. The
 analysis in this paper points to four main issues and
 challenges for the Bank as it seeks to achieve more
 constructive and effective engagement with CSOs in the
 future: 1) Promoting best practices for civic engagement; 2)
 Closing the gap between expectations, policy and practice;
 3) Adapting to changes in global and national civil society;
 and 4) Achieving greater Bank-wide coherence and
 accountability. To attain these objectives, the report
 proposes ten priority actions: Establishing new global
 mechanisms for Bank-CSO engagement to help promote mutual
 understanding and cooperation; establish a Bank-wide
 advisory service/focal point for consultations and feedback;
 piloting a new Bank-wide monitoring and evaluation system
 for civic engagement; Conduct a review of Bank funds
 available for civil society engagement in operations and
 policy dialogue, and explore possible realignment or
 restructuring. reviewing the Bank's procurement
 framework; instituting an integrated learning program for
 Bank staff and member governments as well as
 capacity-building for CSOs on how to work effectively with
 the Bank and its member governments; holding regular
 meetings of senior management and periodically with the
 Board to review Bank/civil society relations; developing and
 issuing new guidelines for Bank staff on the
 institution's approach, best practices, and a framework
 for engagement with CSOs; emphasizing the importance of
 civil society engagement in preparing Country Assistance
 Strategies (CAS) as well as in CAS monitoring and
 evaluation; and developing tools for analytical mapping of
 civil society.
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Initiatives Supporting Demand for Good Governance Across World Bank Group Sectors and RegionsThis preliminary stocktaking report on the demand for good governance is an effort of the Demand For Good Governance (DFGG) peer learning network to bring together and highlight the wealth of existing knowledge and practices currently available to support DFGG across the World Bank. This report puts forth a framework with key principles for organizing the complex universe of DFGG efforts across sectors and regions. The paper also identifies entry-points areas of development assistance and illustrates a few good practice examples supporting and strengthening DFFG for the World Bank as it builds its understanding of the areas where the institution can scale-up these activities. This report identifies a wide-range of activities supporting DFGG, however, it is worthwhile to note some challenges in collecting information on these activities. The report provides a more detailed review of the overall findings of DFGG work across the Bank. This paper constitute the following sections: an overview of the key DFGG elements in the organizing framework; entry-points for strengthening demand for good governance with case study examples; summary of key findings of the stocktaking; and finally, some challenges that the World Bank needs to address to mainstream DFGG operationally. The annexes constitutes of the following parts: annex one is a compiled list of notable demand for good governance activities supported by the World Bank identified in the stocktaking exercise and by World Bank Vice President Units; annex two provides a brief description of projects to show how the projects and or elements within the projects support DFGG efforts; annex three provides an overview of broad categories of tools and mechanisms supporting DFGG elements in activities; annex four provides a list of World Bank staff contacted and interviewed in the stocktaking exercise; and annex five provides a list of references reviewed.