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Une estimation des conséquences d’une réforme des minima sociaux sur l’offre de travail à l’aide d’un modèle intertemporel de micro-simulation

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Author(s)
Cyrille Hagneré
Nathalie Picard
Nicolas Gravel
Keywords
réforme des minima sociaux
C34 - Truncated and Censored Models
offre de travail
emploi
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
employment
biais de sélection de l’échantillon
microeconomic simulation
sample selection biais
micro-simulation
J18 - Public Policy
reforms of welfare programs
labour supply
H31 - Household
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/3533968
Online Access
http://www.economie-publique.fr/document221.html
Abstract
Cet article étudie les conséquences qu’aurait eues une réforme du régime des minima sociaux sur l’offre de travail des célibataires. La réforme étudiée est une variante de l’Allocation Compensatrice de Revenu. L’analyse s’appuie sur une estimation du comportement d’offre de travail d’un échantillon représentatif d’individus (avec ou sans enfants) dont la contrainte budgétaire est micro-simulée. La micro-simulation est effectuée en tenant compte du décalage temporel qu’introduit la législation entre la perception des revenus d’activité et celle des transferts nets auxquels ces revenus donnent lieu. Les comportements individuels d’offre de travail sont estimés en tenant compte de la possibilité de non-emploi involontaire, de l’endogéneité du salaire net induit par le système fiscal et des biais de sélection endogène de l’échantillon. Les estimations des paramètres décrivant les comportements individuels d’emploi et d’offre de travail sont utilisées pour simuler des réactions individuelles à la modification de la contrainte budgétaire induite par la réforme. Les résultats suggèrent que la réforme aurait « remis au travail » 6 % des individus inemployés et réduit le nombre d’heures que désirent travailler quelque 12 % des individus employés. Au total, la réforme aurait entraîné une réduction du nombre total d’heures travaillées.
An estimation of the consequences of a reform of the welfare system by means of an intertemporal microsimulation model. This article examines the consequences that a reform of the french welfare system would have had on the labour supply behavior of individuals (with or without children) in 1994. The reform studied is a slight variant of the ACR proposal which consists in reducing to 40 % the implicit marginal tax rate faced by welfare recipients. The analysis is based upon an econometric estimation of the labour supply behavior of a representative sample of single-headed households whose budget constraint is micro simulated. The simulation of the individual budget constraint takes into account the lag that the institutional working of the welfare system in France introduces between the moment at which the income are earned and that at which the welfare/tax payments are made. Individual labour supply is estimated by accounting for the possibility of involontary unemployment, the endogeneity of the net wage and the endogeneity of the sample selection of the workers. The estimates of the parameters describing the probability of employment and the number of hours choosen by the employed persons are used to simulate the individual reactions to a modification of the budget constraint brought about by the reform. The results suggest that the reform would have put back to work about 6 % of the unemployed individuals and that it would have reduced the number of hours worked of some 12 % of the employed individuals. All in all, it appears that the reform would have led to a modest, but yet significant, reduction in the total number of hours worked by the individuals of the sample.
Date
2005-01-15
Type
articlepdf
Identifier
oai:revues.org:economiepublique/30/221
http://www.economie-publique.fr/document221.html
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