Private Non-State Sector Engagement in the Provision of Educational Services at the Primary and Secondary Levels in South Asia : An Analytical Review of Its Role in School Enrollment and Student Achievement
Keywords
STUDENT SUBSIDIESTUITION
LEADERSHIP
FEMALE SECONDARY SCHOOL ASSISTANCE PROJECT
TYPES OF SCHOOLS
REGULAR CURRICULUM
LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION
SCHOOL ENROLLMENT
ACADEMIC RESEARCH
CLASSROOM TEACHING
OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN
LEARNING MATERIALS
ENROLLMENT OF CHILDREN
TEACHER KNOWLEDGE
PRIMARY LEVEL
PRIVATE TUTORING
INSTRUCTION
INTERVENTIONS
ABLE STUDENTS
SCHOOL SIZE
QUALITY OF EDUCATION
STUDENT ENROLLMENT
GRADE LEVELS
PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
REMEDIAL EDUCATION
DEGREES
ELEMENTS
LEARNING OUTCOMES
UNREGISTERED PRIVATE SCHOOLS
SCHOOL PARTICIPATION
READING
TOTAL ENROLLMENT RATE
STUDENT ASSESSMENT
EDUCATION SYSTEM
SCHOOL FEES
SCHOOL LEVEL
STANDARDIZED TESTS
LIVING STANDARDS
FEMALE STUDENTS
SCHOOL CENSUSES
ENROLLMENT
GENDER DISPARITIES
EQUITY IN EDUCATION
LIBRARIES
BASIC LITERACY
PAYMENT OF FEES
PRIMARY SCHOOL
SCHOOL TEACHING
COMPETENCIES
SCHOOL GOVERNANCE
LITERATURE
LOW ACHIEVEMENT
EDUCATION REFORM
BASIC SCHOOLING
SECONDARY SCHOOLING
HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
LEARNING
ENGLISH TEACHING
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
AGE GROUPS
SCHOOL EDUCATION
SOCIAL BENEFITS
SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS
LANGUAGE CURRICULUM
SCHOOL SURVEYS
CURRICULUM
SCHOOLS
SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION
TEACHING
PRIVATE UNREGISTERED SCHOOLS
EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS
EXAM
END OF GRADE
TRADE UNIONS
TEACHER INCENTIVES
SCHOOL CENSUS
EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS
HUMAN RESOURCES
NUMERACY
PRIVATE SECTOR PROVIDERS
STUDENT OUTCOMES
SCHOOL TUITION
SCHOOLING FOR GIRLS
EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
PUBLIC EDUCATION
LOCAL TEACHERS
GRADE TEACHING
EDUCATED PARENTS
OPEN ACCESS
TEACHER BEHAVIOR
COST PER STUDENT
RATE OF STUDENTS
STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT OUTCOMES
PRIVATE SCHOOLS
SCHOOL-CHILDREN
AVERAGE TEST SCORES
MATH TEST
TEACHER PERFORMANCE
DISADVANTAGED POPULATIONS
EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
PASS RATE
DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS
READING SKILLS
LITERACY
TEACHER MANAGEMENT
SCHOOL COMMITTEE
INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION
FORMAL TRAINING
EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT
CLASSROOM
SUBJECTS
SCHOOL TYPES
TEACHING ASSISTANTS
STUDENT LEARNING
ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
GIRLS
SECONDARY EDUCATION
PRIVATE SCHOOL STUDENTS
INSTRUCTORS
STIPENDS
SECONDARY SCHOOL
EDUCATION POLICY
BETTER SCHOOLS
SCHOOL PERFORMANCE
TEACHER TRAINING
TEACHER CREDENTIALS
SCHOOLING QUALITY
RURAL STUDENTS
SCHOOL HOURS
PRIVATE SCHOOLING
STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT
BASIC EDUCATION
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
LITERACY ASSESSMENT
EMPLOYMENT
PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECONDARY SCHOOLS
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
REMEDIAL READING
AVAILABILITY OF DESKS
PRIVATE SCHOOL VOUCHERS
RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
PRIVATE SCHOOL
SCHOOL LIBRARIES
TEACHER QUALIFICATIONS
GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLS
EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES
TEACHING ACTIVITY
PAPERS
INSTRUCTION METHODS
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
PROFICIENCY
SUPPLY OF TEACHERS
GENDER GAP
EDUCATION SECTOR
PRIVATE SCHOOL TEACHERS
SCHOOL STATISTICS
CAREER
EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
SCHOOL ESTABLISHMENT
ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION
PRIVATE PRIMARY SCHOOLS
STUDENT ASSESSMENTS
TEACHER PAY
CATHOLIC SCHOOLS
EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES
PRIVATE UNAIDED SCHOOLS
MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION
QUALIFIED TEACHERS
TEST SCORES
SCHOOL EFFECTIVENESS
OLDER AGE GROUPS
SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO
SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
TEACHER
PUBLIC SCHOOLS
FORMAL SCHOOL PROGRAM
EDUCATION ECONOMICS
DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN
ACADEMIC SUPPORT
SECONDARY STUDENTS
RURAL AREAS
LANGUAGE EDUCATION
PRIMARY EDUCATION
STUDENT SCORES
TEACHER ABSENTEEISM
STUDENT PARTICIPATION
ACHIEVEMENT OUTCOMES
UNIVERSITIES
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
RIGHT TO EDUCATION
TEACHERS
MATHEMATICS
LOCAL LABOR MARKET
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http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18786Abstract
Private (non-state) sector engagement in
 the provision of educational services at the primary and
 secondary levels in South Asia has recently undergone
 remarkable growth. This type of education comes in various
 forms, such as schools financed and managed by the private
 sector, schools financed by the government and managed by
 the private sector, private school vouchers, and tutoring
 outside the classroom. According to recent household survey
 data, almost one-third of school-goers aged 6 to 18 years in
 South Asia go to private schools, with a high concentration
 in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Data for India,
 Nepal, and Pakistan show that on average, private schools
 perform at least as well as government schools on student
 test scores, after controlling for socioeconomic factors,
 and they do so at significantly lower costs to society.
 However, student achievement varies greatly across schools
 of each type, with many weak private schools as well as
 strong government schools. Substantial, albeit indirect,
 evidence points to teacher behavior and accountability as an
 important driver of the effectiveness of private schools. In
 the long run, however, many factors may play important roles
 in sustaining the private sector's advantage. Another
 risk is that overall poor quality in a large government
 sector may set a low benchmark for the private sector. The
 findings cast doubt on the effectiveness of government
 regulations for private schools, given weak institutional
 capacity. Public-private partnerships with effective
 accountability mechanisms could leverage both equity and
 efficiency. Finally, it appears important to understand and
 customize teaching to the child's individual level.Date
2014-06Type
Publications & ResearchIdentifier
oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/18786http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18786
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