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Improving Labor Market Outcomes for Poor and Vulnerable Groups in MongoliaMongolia has experienced strong economic
 growth and declining poverty in the past. With the
 implementation of the law on employment promotion in 2011,
 the Government of Mongolia provided the legal base for a set
 of employment promotion programs. By means of these
 programs, different vulnerable labor market groups are
 addressed, ranging from graduates to disabled, older
 workers, herders, and unskilled job seekers. The objective
 of the report is to describe and analyze labor market
 outcomes for different groups of the population in Mongolia,
 with a particular focus on poor and vulnerable households,
 and present a set of policy interventions to strengthen the
 labor market participation and integration of currently
 unemployed or inactive adults. The focus of the report is on
 supply side issues of the labor market. In order to better
 understand the mechanisms driving labor market outcomes, a
 prospective qualitative analysis is already planned to
 complement the present quantitative analysis. The report is
 structured as follows: section one gives introduction.
 Section two provides the country context in terms of
 economic and demographic developments and the
 characteristics of the Mongolian labor market. The empirical
 analysis is presented in section three. In section four the
 existing labor market policies in Mongolia are mapped and
 their challenges discussed. Finally, section five concludes
 and recommends a set of policy measures to further improve
 the labor market outcomes of poor and vulnerable groups.
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Inventory of Policy Responses to the Financial and Economic CrisisThis report presents an overview of
 general findings from International Labor Office (ILO) and
 World Bank (WB) database. The report only uses a fraction of
 this large and rich database and is an invitation for
 researchers and practitioners to use the data for more
 in-depth research, which can be helpful for policy makers in
 identifying effective approaches to maintain and promote
 employment, while protecting living standards during times
 of crisis. The goal of this report is to take stock of
 policy responses during the recent economic and financial
 crisis and suggest areas where policy-makers should focus to
 improve their capacity to respond to future shocks. The
 report has following sections: section one gives
 introduction. Section two begins with an overview of
 macroeconomic and sector policies. Section three presents
 analysis of labor market policies to promote labor demand.
 Section four presents programs to facilitate job matching
 and preserve skills. Section five is social protection.
 Section six is minimum wages. Section seven is social
 dialogue. Section 8 is international labor standards. The
 last section summarizes key findings and proposes an agenda
 for future work.
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Choosing a System of Unemployment Income Support : Guidelines for Developing and Transition CountriesMounting evidence suggests that
 excessive job protection reduces employment and labor market
 flows, hinders technological innovations, pushes workers
 into the informal sector, and hurts vulnerable groups by
 depriving them of job opportunities. Flexible labor markets
 stimulate job creation, investment, and growth, but they
 create job insecurity and displace some workers. How can the
 costs of such insecurity and displacements be minimized
 while ensuring that the labor market remains flexible? Each
 of the main unemployment income support systems
 (unemployment insurance, unemployment assistance,
 unemployment insurance savings accounts, severance pay, and
 public works) has strengths and weaknesses. Country-specific
 conditions, chief among them labor market and other
 institutions, the capacity to administer each type of
 system, and the size of the informal sector, determine which
 system is best suited to developing and transition countries.