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Bulgaria - Accelerating Bulgaria's Convergence : The Challenge of Rasing Productivity, Volume 1. OverviewThe report aims to assist the Bulgarian
 authorities in identifying options for policies and reforms
 that would help to boost productivity and employment and
 thereby economic growth and income convergence. To achieve
 this, the report looks at Bulgaria's product and labor
 markets, human resource development, and R&D and
 innovation system. The reform options are arranged along a
 time dimension, ranging from short to medium term. The
 implications of the proposed policy options for the
 government's budget are also briefly explored,
 including the utilization of EU grant funds. The report
 concentrates mostly on the supply-side aspects of
 Bulgaria's product and labor markets, its education
 (primary and general secondary, VET, tertiary) delivery, and
 its R&D and innovation system.
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Better Jobs in Central America : The Role of Human CapitalThe biggest challenge in terms of jobs
 in Central America is to create better conditions to
 stimulate more productive job creation in the context of a
 rapidly growing labor force. Overcoming this challenge will
 contribute to reducing poverty, inequality and social
 exclusion which are so entrenched in the Central American
 countries. To achieve this goal, Central America needs to
 address a two-pronged policy. First, the region must
 implement policies that help farmers and workers to move up
 the value chain, which means in some cases diversify the
 production structure by increasing the share of industry and
 services, and in other cases, it should improve the
 technological content and knowledge of existing activities
 to make them more productive (for example, agriculture). The
 paper is organized as follows: Section II describes the
 origin of the recent growth of the region and its impact on
 the labor market. Section III discusses the challenges of
 human capital faced by the region, and Sections IV and V
 provide governments with policy options for consideration.
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Strengthening Skills and Employability in Peru : Final ReportThis report presents the final results and conclusions of a multi-year program developed by a team comprising Bank staff and first-rate Peruvian researchers, which provides policy-relevant analysis of the constraints to labor market entry for low income workers. Expanding employment opportunities and addressing the deficits in skills of large segments of the labor force have become a central concern for policy makers, the business community, academics, and the society at large in Peru. The study of the labor market and skills acquisition is not an empty field in Peru. Many local analysts have undertaken several studies of the education and training systems and the associated labor market returns. However, up to now data limitations have precluded detailed analyses of the constraints of low-income workers, particularly youth, to map their skills into suitable jobs, and to acquire the skills demanded by the labor market. This is, in fact, generally the case throughout Latin America and in many countries in the developing world. It is hoped that this effort and the report can contribute to inform the discussions of the future of social and employment policy among policy makers and the Peruvian society at large.