Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Belarus : Country Gender ProfileBelarus demonstrated strong economic growth 2000-2008 and this translated into fast poverty reduction. Belarus invested a lot in the human capital of its population both in men and women. This assessment identifies and describes main gender disparities in Belarus in agency, education, health, and access to economic opportunities. The report builds on the framework of the World Bank's regional gender report, Europe and Central Asia: opportunities for men and women, as well as the World development report on gender and development. The assessment takes a quantitative approach using a wide range of different international data sources including World Bank's world development indicators, the global financial inclusion database, the life in transition survey, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)-World Bank business environment and enterprise performance survey as well as local household living standards survey. The report is organized as follows: section one discusses agency and describes factors which may shape the process how men and women use their endowments and utilize economic opportunities to achieve desired outcomes. The second section analyzes gender disparities in endowments, such as health and education. The third section focuses on gender gaps in the labor market, entrepreneurship and earnings, access to finance and poverty. The fourth section presents conclusions and policy recommendations.
-
Jordan Country Gender Assessment : Economic Participation, Agency and Access to Justice in JordanOver the last three decades Jordan has
 made substantial investments in its human resources,
 spending more than 10 percent of Gross Domestic Product
 (GDP) on health and education. Like their male counterparts,
 women and girls have benefitted from these policies and
 their quality of life has improved. The Jordan Country
 Gender Assessment (CGA) has two primary objectives. The
 first is to assess gender imbalances in the areas of
 economic participation in the labor market, agency, and
 access to justice; provide a framework for policies or
 interventions to the Government of Jordan (GoJ) on
 addressing imbalances; and provide a basis for implementing
 the activities included in the Gender Action Plan (GAP). The
 second objective is to develop and strengthen partnerships
 with GoJ agencies, Civil Society Organization's (CSOs),
 and academic institutions to promote collaboration on
 addressing gender-related issues impacting development, and
 in particular to develop mechanisms for cooperation on
 implementation of the GAP. This CGA will further explore, in
 the Jordan country context, the argument that the
 considerable progress in human development in Jordan has not
 yet led to consistently higher women's participation in
 economic, political and social life, which in turn has
 slowed women's economic participation. Access to
 justice is directly linked to the issue of agency-whereas
 agency defines the legal and social boundaries of rights and
 practices, the concept of access to justice covers the tools
 and mechanisms aiding persons in exercising these rights.
 Obstacles to women exercising agency in Jordan are caused by
 a combination of the treatment of women versus men under
 applicable legal frameworks, with gaps further widened by
 restrictive social norms that can govern women's
 behavior. Recent legislative and regulatory reforms, if
 implemented effectively, have the potential to increase
 women's agency through expansion of rights and
 improvements in service delivery. Despite legal and social
 impediments to accessing land, levels of registration of
 land by women have been increasing in recent years.
-
Russian Federation Gender AssessmentAn egalitarian socialist legacy and
 relatively high and growing levels of income, particularly
 over the last decade, have translated into fairly equal
 gender outcomes in Russia along many dimensions. There are
 no significant differences in education levels between men
 and women, and in recent years more young women have
 completed post-secondary education than young men. Girls
 outperform boys in reading in standardized exams and do as
 well as them in math and science. At first glance, women do
 not seem to have difficulties in transitioning from school
 to work or remaining employed over the life cycle. And
 female labor force participation is significantly above the
 levels observed in other countries in Europe and Central
 Asia, as well as in the Organization for Economic
 Cooperation and Development, or OECD. This new assessment of
 gender equality issues in Russia seeks to gauge the progress
 in all the domains of outcomes during the last 10 years, and
 to further understand the main causes behind the persisting
 gender gaps identified in the country. This assessment
 builds on the analytical framework proposed by the World
 Development Report 2012: gender equality and development
 (World Bank 2012a) to provide a general overview of gender
 issues in Russia, and it builds on literature at the
 frontier in economics to go deeper in the two selected
 topics: adult mortality and gender gap in pay.