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Gender and EnvironmentThis report focuses on the nexus of environment and gender equality, defined as equality of access to and control over natural resources and development benefits; and equality of access to decision-making and representation for environmental and natural resources management process. The report provides recommendations to expand women's opportunities to own land; expand men's and women's knowledge and participation in reducing exposure to environmental hazards; strengthen gender mainstreaming efforts at the national policy level; improve women's participation at national, regional and local levels; and expand women's involvement in demand-side accountability mechanisms for environmental governance.
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Jordan Country Gender Assessment : Economic Participation, Agency and Access to Justice in JordanOver the last three decades Jordan has
 made substantial investments in its human resources,
 spending more than 10 percent of Gross Domestic Product
 (GDP) on health and education. Like their male counterparts,
 women and girls have benefitted from these policies and
 their quality of life has improved. The Jordan Country
 Gender Assessment (CGA) has two primary objectives. The
 first is to assess gender imbalances in the areas of
 economic participation in the labor market, agency, and
 access to justice; provide a framework for policies or
 interventions to the Government of Jordan (GoJ) on
 addressing imbalances; and provide a basis for implementing
 the activities included in the Gender Action Plan (GAP). The
 second objective is to develop and strengthen partnerships
 with GoJ agencies, Civil Society Organization's (CSOs),
 and academic institutions to promote collaboration on
 addressing gender-related issues impacting development, and
 in particular to develop mechanisms for cooperation on
 implementation of the GAP. This CGA will further explore, in
 the Jordan country context, the argument that the
 considerable progress in human development in Jordan has not
 yet led to consistently higher women's participation in
 economic, political and social life, which in turn has
 slowed women's economic participation. Access to
 justice is directly linked to the issue of agency-whereas
 agency defines the legal and social boundaries of rights and
 practices, the concept of access to justice covers the tools
 and mechanisms aiding persons in exercising these rights.
 Obstacles to women exercising agency in Jordan are caused by
 a combination of the treatment of women versus men under
 applicable legal frameworks, with gaps further widened by
 restrictive social norms that can govern women's
 behavior. Recent legislative and regulatory reforms, if
 implemented effectively, have the potential to increase
 women's agency through expansion of rights and
 improvements in service delivery. Despite legal and social
 impediments to accessing land, levels of registration of
 land by women have been increasing in recent years.
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Gender Dimensions of Investment Climate Reform : A Guide for Policy Makers and PractitionersPromoting women's economic empowerment is increasingly seen as an important driving force behind economic growth and the fight against poverty. Women's economic participation as entrepreneurs, employees, and leaders is recognized as a measure of a country's economic viability and dynamism. The guide starts with a brief section on the economic rationale for gender inclusion in investment climate reform work. It is then divided into nine modules. Recognizing the socioeconomic dimensions of gender-focused work, the core module outlines the broader, overarching framework within which gender-informed investment climate work can take place. It also focuses on the monitoring and evaluation framework, with particular emphasis on establishing appropriate baselines to facilitate the measurement of gender-informed changes in the business environment. The eight thematic modules provide specific guidance on key investment climate issues comprising: (i) public-private dialogue, (ii) business start-up and operation, (iii) business taxation, (iv) trade logistics, (v) secured lending, (vi) alternative dispute resolution, (vii) special economic zones, and (viii) foreign investment policy and promotion. Thematic modules are designed to guide the reader through the project cycle and present the three-step process: (a) diagnostic, (b) solution design, and (c) implementation and monitoring and evaluation.