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Proactive TransparencyThis paper identifies four primary
 drivers of proactive disclosure throughout history. The
 first is the need to inform the public about laws and
 decisions and the public's right to be informed, to
 know their rights and obligations. The second is the
 public's demand for the information needed to hold
 governments accountable both at and between elections. The
 third is the demand for information in order to participate
 actively in decision-making. The fourth is the provision to
 the public of information needed to access government
 services, which has expanded significantly in the past
 decade with growth of electronic access to services or
 'e-government.' This paper attempts to advance the
 debate around that question by analyzing the multiple
 proactive disclosure provisions in national law and
 international treaties in order to identify the emerging
 global consensus on the classes of information which should
 be included in a proactive disclosure regime. The paper
 examines the practical challenges related to the
 implementation of proactive disclosure regimes and some of
 the lessons learned from which principles for making
 proactive disclosure work in practice can be derived. It
 concludes by identifying some future challenges and areas
 where additional research is needed.
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Distance Education and Community Learning Networks linked by a Library of CultureHumans are relational beings with their modeled behavior as practical examples of cultural routines that they hear, see, read, and assemble on their own from communal pieces of information to answer the needs of their everyday lives (Bandura, & Jeffrey, 1973). Yet few researchers have looked at the differing synthesis of culture and generally assume that others share similar ideas/values that lead to particular events and worldviews (Lillard, p.5 1998). Informational and cultural contact zones can be created to support CLNs, universities, and individuals in a variety of roles to encourage their interactions so they might design, and challenge the fundamentals of these programs and seek to better cooperation amongst the public itself (Tremmel, 2000). By increasing communication and collaboration of educational systems throughout the community will begin to raise the standard of living for all people (Bohn, & Schmidt, 2008). This will begin to draw people out from the digital divide and increase the access of technology and information available to all people with the community. Utilizing CLNs to support and further education will allow an interconnected web of assessments, standards, and cooperative efforts that has the potential of increasing democracy by empowering people from their communities.
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Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und BibliothekareHeft 1 des 67. Jahrgangs (2014) der Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare