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New Industries from New Places : The Emergence of the Software and Hardware Industries in China and IndiaChina and India have grown rapidly in importance in the global economy over the past two decades the same period in which hardware and software have become important tradable products in the global economy. China has reached global scale in the hardware industry but not in software; India has achieved the reverse. These recent developments offer new insights into the ways in which new industries can take root and flourish within the broader context of developing economies. This progress has attracted widespread comment, most of it anecdotal or based on partial explanations of industrial growth. This study seeks to provide a fuller explanation based on an empirical analysis of the macro and micro underpinnings of these contrasting growth stories. In doing so, the study sheds a broader light on the economic development paths that China and India have taken since 1990, and also on the process by which developing economies can enter and succeed in new markets.
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Case Flow Management : Key Principles and the Systems to Support ThemIt has become increasingly clear that courts across the globe must do more to better organize and manage their caseload and that automation alone is not the answer. In response to this need, case flow management has emerged to become the central method of promoting greater court responsibility and accountability for efficient case processing. For over thirty years court case management concepts have evolved, starting in the United States (U.S.), spreading to other industrialized common law countries initially. Yet, for many judicial systems, the concept, techniques, and supporting systems of case flow management are still relatively new ideas that need to be more fully understood. This paper helps develop a basic understanding of case flow management by defining the concept, outlining the various techniques used, presenting in general the different case management information systems that support those techniques, and outlining the core steps a judicial system can take to plan for, select, and implement case management software. The aim is to provide an introduction for assisting judiciaries in developing a case flow management approach that works best in their own environment. This paper is organized as follows: chapter one gives introduction; chapter two answers the question to what is case flow management within a court environment?; chapter three answers what are case management information systems?; chapter four focuses on planning for, selecting, and implementing new case management software; and chapter five gives conclusions.
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Financial Management Information
 Systems : 25 Years of World Bank Experience on What Works
 and What Doesn'tThis paper was prepared by the public
 sector and governance group of the World Bank poverty
 reduction and economic management network. Since 1984, the
 World Bank has financed 87 Financial Management Information
 System (FMIS) projects in 51 countries, totaling over US
 $2.2 billion, of which US $938 million was for FMIS-related
 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) solutions.
 This study presents the World Bank's experience with
 these investment operations, including substantial ICT
 components, in order to share the achievements and
 challenges observed, and provide guidance for improving the
 performance of future projects. This study is dived into
 five chapters. The introduction covers the definitions used
 and methodology applied in reviewing projects. Chapter 2
 provides descriptive characteristics of the sample data
 drawn from Bank databases and describes general patterns in
 duration, regional distribution, costs, and ICT solutions
 implemented, among other aspects. Chapter 3 analyzes the
 performance of the projects, differentiating between ratings
 of the Implementation Completion Reports (ICRs) and the
 Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) reports, as well as the
 factors contributing to the success and failure of projects
 and individual components. A detailed analysis of country
 case studies from Mongolia, Turkey, Albania, Guatemala, and
 Pakistan are presented in chapter 4. In conclusion, chapter
 5 synthesizes the main lessons learned and prerequisites
 necessary for an effective FMIS project. The findings of
 this study are based on a comprehensive database of 55
 closed and 32 active Treasury and FMIS projects implemented
 between 1984 and 2010 (pipeline projects were also analyzed
 in some sections). The data presented here was gathered from
 individual project ICRs, Project Appraisal Documents (PADs),
 the IEG reports, and complemented with interviews with task
 team leaders and relevant public sector and informatics specialists.