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Mainstreaming Nutrition in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers : What Does It Take? A Review of the Early ExperienceThis paper reviews 40 full poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs) with regard to whether these strategy papers (1) recognize under-nutrition as a development problem in the country, (2) whether they use nutrition information for poverty analysis, and (3) whether the PRSP includes specific nutrition activities (policies, strategies, and programs) to deal with the unique nutrition problems in each country. The review shows that three quarters of the PRSPs recognize that under-nutrition is a development problem that leads to loss of human capital and/or productivity. Also, many PRSPs, either explicitly or implicitly, include country nutrition profiles in their poverty analysis. Consequently, a majority of PRSPs include strategies and specific actions to mitigate the effects of malnutrition. However, there appears to be little prioritization or sequencing of proposed actions. More importantly, the strategies and actions included in PRSPs often do not reflect an appropriate response to the nature of the nutrition problem in the country. In a quarter of countries with macronutrient deficiencies and about 40% of countries with micronutrient deficiencies, the PRSPs fail to address these two problems. Moreover, tackling nutrition issues requires greater institutional capacity and budget allocations than currently seem to exist. Gross mismatches between the causes of malnutrition and responses to the nutrition problem inevitably lead to a lack of impact and a waste of resources, which will further contribute to the marginalization of nutrition in future PRSPs.
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Malnutrition in Afghanistan : Scale,
 Scope, Causes, and Potential ResponseThis book has the potential to
 contribute to a reversing of this trend, whereby activities
 in not only the health sector but also in other sectors
 relevant to nutrition will gain increased support and
 prominence in national development planning. South Asia has
 by far the largest number of malnourished women and
 children, and no other region of the world has higher rates
 of malnutrition. Malnutrition in childhood is the biggest
 contributor to child mortality; a third of child deaths have
 malnutrition as an underlying cause. For the surviving
 children, malnutrition has lifelong implications because it
 severely reduces a child's ability to learn and to grow
 to his or her full potential. Malnutrition thus leads to
 less productive adults and weaker national economic
 performance. Therefore, the impact of malnutrition on a
 society's productivity and well being and a
 nation's long-term development is hard to
 underestimate. For the South Asia region of the World Bank,
 malnutrition is a key development priority, and in the
 coming years, the Bank intends to enhance dramatically its
 response to this challenge. As a first step, a series of
 country assessments such as this one are being carried out.
 These assessments will be used to reinforce the dialogue
 with governments and other development partners to scale up
 an evidence-based response against malnutrition. To succeed,
 we will need to address the problem comprehensively, which
 will require engaging several sectors. This assessment of
 malnutrition in Afghanistan lays out the scale, scope, and
 causes of the problem. The assessment also indicates key
 elements of a potential response.
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Prioritizing Nutrition in India, The Silent Emergency : A Strategy for Commitment Building and AdvocacyThis report provides a background of the situation of nutrition in India and the rationale of the initiative presents an overview of the initiative, details the activities accomplished and the achievements in the state of Jharkhand, and at the national level and finally presents the recommendations and lessons learnt at the state and national level. The primary objectives of the initiative was to demonstrate a set of strategic activities to build commitment for nutrition, raise the level of public discourse about nutrition, build a better understanding of the critical gaps and issues to be addressed and advocate for policy and program directions to address these and enhance the commitment for nutrition. The prioritizing nutrition initiative is situated against the above backdrop. It recognizes that policies which aim to increase nutrition level of Indians are developed at the national level, hence to create conducive environment to achieve the goal of nutrition secure nation it is important to have informed and sensitized political leaders, media and civil society at the national level. As health and nutrition, as well as the other sectoral aspects that impact nutrition are governed by state governments, building political and executive commitment at state levels is imperative. Additionally, the potential power of decentralized governance through Panchayati raj institutions provides an opportunity to bringing nutrition centre-stage to the village agenda.