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“Brain death”, autonomy, and the future of organ transplantation

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Author(s)
Iftime, Oana
Keywords
autonomy
brain death
organ transplantation
public trust in health care
autonomía
muerte cerebral
trasplante de órganos
confianza pública en el cuidado de la salud

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/4094222
Online Access
http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1726-569X2019000100063&lng=en&tlng=en
Abstract
Abstract: Autonomy and its companion, informed consent is regarded as fundamental in contemporary medical ethics. Still, the individuals are deprived of the possibility to make a genuinely informed choice with respect to organ donation in the event of “brain death”. It can be easily argued, scientifically speaking, that the status of the “brain dead” patients is that of living beings, able to process nutrients and drugs and even to harbour and nourish their progeny into the womb. A philosophical, not scientific distinction between the “un-meaningful” lives of the “brain dead” and “meaningful” human life underlines the “brain death” concept. Yet, the public is told that the “brain dead” are dead, i. e. lacking life. Not only that this situation collides with the principle of autonomy, but it also poses a risk for public trust in organ transplantation. It is obvious that people have certain expectancies from health care professionals and the decision makers, and finding out about such inconsistences might drive the public reject organ transplantation, with the recourse to the “brain death” concept ultimately leading to the aggravation of the organ shortage, instead of the alleviation that it was expected to bring.
Resumen: La autonomía y su manifestación en el consentimiento informado es considerada fundamental en la ética médica contemporánea. Sin embargo, a los individuos se les priva de la posibilidad de realizar una elección informada genuina cuando se trata de donación de órganos en el caso de “muerte cerebral”. Puede fácilmente argumentarse, científicamente hablando, que el estatuto de paciente con “muerte cerebral” es el de un ser vivo, capaz de procesar nutrientes y fármacos, incluso mantener y nutrir la progenie en el útero. El concepto de “muerte cerebral” está basado en una distinción filosófica, no científica, entre la vida “sin significado” del que tiene el “cerebro muerto” y la vida “con sentido”. Sin embargo, a las personas se les dice que las personas con el “cerebro muerto” están muertas, carecen de vida. Esta situación no solamente colisiona con el principio de autonomía, sino que también supone un riesgo para la confianza pública en el trasplante de órganos. Es obvio que las personas tienen ciertas expectativas acerca de la toma de decisiones de los profesionales de la salud, y el conocer tales inconsistencias podría llevar a que las personas rechacen el trasplante de órganos con el recurso de “muerte cerebral”, conduciendo a la agravación en el bajo suministro de órganos, en vez del alivio que se espera conseguir.
Date
2019-06-01
Type
research-article
Identifier
oai:scielo:S1726-569X2019000100063
http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1726-569X2019000100063&lng=en&tlng=en
Copyright/License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Collections
Acta Bioethica

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