Author(s)
Gomes, José Carlos RodriguesContributor(s)
Loureiro, IsabelKeywords
Espaço urbanoInvestigação participada de base comunitária
Promoção da saúde
Saúde mental
Capacitação
Espace urbain
Recherche communautaire participative
Promotion de la
Santé mentale
Espacio urbano
Investigación participativa basada en la comunidad
Promoción de la salud
Salud mental
Empowerment
Empowerment
Urban space
Community-based participatory research
Health promotion
Mental health
Full record
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http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9264Abstract
RESUMO: A saúde pública deve estar atenta aos contextos e às mudanças sociais, políticas,
 económicas, científicas e tecnológicas com que se confrontam constantemente as
 comunidades, particularmente em situações de grandes transformações como o
 momento que a União Europeia atravessa. A urbanização é provavelmente a mudança
 demográfica mais importante das últimas décadas. Tendo importantes repercussões
 sobre a saúde mental, é importante desenvolver a investigação neste domínio, de
 forma multidisciplinar e integrando a compreensão dos diferentes determinantes
 sociais, psicológicos e físicos.
 As políticas de saúde mental tornaram-se uma parte importante da política social e da
 sociedade de bem-estar, em particular se considerarmos a urbanização das nossas
 comunidades. Considerar a saúde mental em espaço urbano é fundamentalmente
 estudar como um espaço particular pode influenciar a saúde.
 Baseado nesta reflexão, desenvolveu-se uma investigação participada de base
 comunitária, com recurso a uma metodologia de estudo de caso. Recorreu-se a
 dezenas de documentos de referência local, registos em arquivo, à observação direta,
 à observação participante e à observação in loco do espaço urbano. Foi utilizada uma
 amostragem em bola de neve, estratificada, para selecionar 697 habitantes de uma
 cidade da área metropolitana de Lisboa. Estes habitantes foram entrevistados por 42
 entrevistadores, previamente formados, assim como foram enviados questionários online
 dirigidos aos professores (196) e aos Técnicos Superiores de Serviço Social (12)
 em exercício no espaço urbano em estudo, para a caraterização sociodemográfica e
 para avaliação de indicadores de saúde, de indicadores relacionados com a saúde e
 de indicadores estruturais de saúde mental.
 Os resultados mostraram um espaço urbano promotor de saúde estrutura-se para
 capacitar os seus cidadãos a se integrarem ativamente no funcionamento da sua
 comunidade. Foram identificadas algumas caraterísticas como 1) o início do processo
 de promoção da saúde mental ser o mais precoce possível; 2) a participação
 comunitária ativa, num sentimento de segurança individual e comunitária, envolvendo
 estruturas governamentais e não-governamentais; 3) a solidariedade e a inclusão,
 promovendo o voluntariado e a promoção do suporte social e desenvolvendo a coesão
 social; 4) o reconhecimento das necessidades expressas pelos habitantes; 5) a
 identificação de respostas para a conciliação entre vida pessoal, familiar e profissional;
 6) as estruturas de acompanhamento dos grupos sociais mais desfavorecidos; 7) as
 estratégias de combate ao isolamento envolvendo a população sénior e outros grupos
 minoritários ativamente no processo de reorganização do seu funcionamento social; 8)
 uma efetiva governança e gestão relacional por parte dos poderes locais, centrando a
 vida quotidiana da comunidade nas pessoas.
 A investigação participada de base comunitária constitui um instrumento útil e eficaz
 no desenho de planos locais de promoção da saúde mental para encontrar respostas
 ao desafio em saúde pública: a saúde mental e a urbanização.RESUMÉ: La santé publique doit être consciente des contextes et des changements sociaux,
 politiques, économiques, scientifiques et technologiques qui confrontent constamment
 nos communautés, particulièrement dans les moments de grandes transformation,
 comme celui que l'Union Européenne traverse. L'urbanisation est probablement le
 changement démographique le plus important dans les dernières décennies. Ayant
 d’importante répercussions sur la santé mentale, il est nécessaire de développé la
 recherche dans ce domaine, de façon pluridisciplinaire et intégrant une compréhension
 des différents déterminants sociale, psychologique et physique.
 Les politiques de santé mentale sont devenus une partie importante de la politique
 sociale et du bien-être, surtout si l'urbanisation de nos communautés est tenue en
 compte. Considérer la santé mentale dans les zones urbaines c’est essentiellement
 étudier comment un espace particulier peut influencer la santé.
 Tenant en compte ces considérations, nous avons développé un programme de
 recherche communautaire participative, en utilisant une méthodologie d’étude de cas.
 Nous avons analysé des dizaines de documents de référence locaux, des dossiers
 d’archives, l'observation directe, l’observation participante et l'observation in-situ de
 l'espace urbain. Un échantillonnage en boule de neige, stratifié, a été utilisé pour
 sélectionner 697 habitants d'un territoire d'une ville métropolitaine de Lisbonne. Ces
 habitants ont été interrogés par 42 enquêteurs formés, et nous avons envoyé des
 questionnaires on-line pour les enseignants (196) et les techniciens des services
 sociaux (12) agissant dans la région urbaine en étude urbaine pour la caractérisation
 sociodémographiques et l'évaluation d’indicateurs de santé, et d'indicateur liés à la
 santé ainsi que des indicateurs structurels de la santé mentale.
 Les résultats montrent que la ville promotrice de santé mentale se structure de façon à
 permettre à ses citoyens d'intégrer activement le fonctionnement de leur communauté,
 compte tenu 1) le processus de promotion de la santé mentale commence le plus tôt
 possible, 2) la participation communautaire active, qui développe un sentiment et les
 structures de sécurité de la communauté impliquant les structures gouvernementales
 et non gouvernementales, 3) la solidarité et l'inclusion, la promotion du bénévolat et la
 promotion du soutien social et le développement de la cohésion sociale, 4) la
 reconnaissance des besoins exprimés par les habitants; 5) l'identification des réponses
 à la réconciliation de la vie individuelle, familiale et professionnelle, 6) des structures
 de support pour les groupes sociaux défavorisés; 7) des stratégies visant à lutter
 contre l'isolement des personnes âgées et d’autres groupes minoritaires en les
 engageant activement dans le processus de réorganisation leur fonctionnement social,
 8) une gouvernance relationnelle et une gestion efficace par les autorités locales, en se
 concentrant sur la vie quotidienne des gens de la collectivité. La recherche
 communautaire participative est un outil utile et efficace pour la conception d’un plan
 locale de promotion de la santé mentale, possibilitant les moyens de relever ce défi
 pour la santé publique: la santé mentale e l'urbanisation.
RESUMEN: La salud pública debe tener en cuenta los contextos y los cambios sociales, políticos,
 económicos, científicos y tecnológicos que nuestras comunidades enfrentan
 constantemente, particularmente en situaciones de grande cambio como aquel que la
 Unión Europea está pasando. La urbanización es probablemente el cambio
 demográfico más importante en las últimas décadas. Teniendo importantes
 repercusiones en la salud mental, es importante el desarrollo de una investigación
 multidisciplinar integrando una amplia comprensión de los diferentes determinantes
 sociales, psicológicos y físicos.
 Las políticas de salud mental se han convertido en una parte importante de la política
 social y bienestar de la sociedad, especialmente teniendo en cuenta la urbanización de
 nuestras comunidades. Considerar la salud mental en las zonas urbanas es
 esencialmente el estudio de cómo un espacio determinado puede influir en la salud.
 En base a esta consideración, hemos desarrollado una investigación participativa
 basada en la comunidad, utilizando una metodología de estudio de caso. Hizo un
 llamamiento a decenas de documentos de referencia locales, de registros en los
 archivos, observación directa, observación participante y observación in situ del
 espacio urbano. Se utilizó una amostragem bola de nieve, estratificada, para
 seleccionar 697 habitantes de una ciudad del área metropolitana de Lisboa. Estas
 personas fueron entrevistadas por 42 encuestadores, previamente entrenados. Se
 envió también un cuestionario on-line para profesores (196) y técnicos de servicio
 social (12) que actúan en la ciudad en estudio para la caracterización
 sociodemográficas, y evaluación de indicadores de salud, indicadores relacionados
 con la salud y los indicadores estructurales de salud mental.
 Los resultados muestran que la ciudad promotora de salud mental se estructura para
 permitir a sus ciudadanos que se integren activamente en el funcionamiento de su
 comunidad, teniendo en cuenta 1) el proceso de promoción de la salud mental, tan
 pronto como sea posible, 2) la participación activa de la comunidad, con un sentido de
 seguridad personal de las estructuras y de la comunidad que involucran estructuras
 gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, 3) la solidaridad y la inclusión, la promoción
 del voluntariado y la promoción del apoyo social y el desarrollo de la cohesión social,
 4) el reconocimiento de las necesidades expresadas por los habitantes; 5) la
 identificación de las respuestas a la conciliación de la vida personal, familiar y
 profesional, 6) desarrollo de las estructuras de los grupos sociales más
 desfavorecidos; 7) las estrategias para combatir el aislamiento en la tercera edad y
 otros grupos minoritarios con un envolvimiento activo en el proceso de reorganización
 su funcionamiento social, 8) una gobernanza relacional y gestión eficaz de las
 autoridades locales, centrándose en la vida cotidiana de las personas de la
 comunidad. La investigación participativa basada en la comunidad es una herramienta
 útil y eficaz para el diseño de un plan local de promoción de la salud mental que
 permite respuestas a este reto en salud pública: la salud mental y la urbanización.
ABSTRACT: Public health should be aware of context and to social, political, economic, scientific
 and technological changes that are constantly facing communities, particularly in
 situations of great change as the time the European Union is going through.
 Urbanization is probably the most important demographic change in recent decades.
 Having an important impact on mental, it is important to develop research in this field,
 in a multidisciplinary way and integrating the understanding of the different social,
 psychological and physical determinants.
 Mental health policies have become an important part of social policy and societal wellbeing,
 especially considering the urbanization of our communities. To consider the
 mental health in urban areas it is essential to study how a particular space can
 influence health.
 Based on this consideration, we developed a community-based participatory research,
 using a case study methodology. We appealed to dozens of local reference
 documents, records on file, direct observation, participant observation and in-situ
 observation of an urban space. We used a stratified snowball sampling to select 697
 inhabitants of a city from Lisbon metropolitan area. These inhabitants were interviewed
 by 42 interviewers previously trained, and we also sent online questionnaires for
 teachers (196) and the Social Service Technicians (12) acting in the urban area for a
 sociodemographic characterization and the assessment of health indicators, healthrelated
 indicators and structural indicators of mental health.
 The results show that the health promoter city structure itself to enable its citizens to
 actively integrate the functioning of their community, considering 1) the process of
 mental health promotion as early as possible, 2) active community participation,
 building a sense of personal security and community structures involving governmental
 and nongovernmental authorities, 3) solidarity and inclusion, promoting volunteerism,
 promoting social support and developing social cohesion, 4) recognition of the needs
 expressed by the inhabitants; 5) the identification of responses to the reconciliation of
 personal, family and professional life, 6) monitoring and enhancing structures to the
 most disadvantaged social groups; 7) strategies to combat the isolation, involving
 senior citizens and other minority groups actively in the process of the reorganization
 their social functioning, 8) an effective relational governance and management by local
 authorities, focusing on the everyday life of the community people. The communitybased
 participatory research is a useful and effective tool to design a mental health
 promotion local plan to find answers for this challenge in public health: mental health
 and urbanization.
Date
2013-04-09Type
doctoralThesisIdentifier
oai:run.unl.pt:10362/9264http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9264
Copyright/License
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