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Kyrgyz Republic - Livestock Sector Review : Embracing the New ChallengesContinuing a long Kyrgyz tradition, the livestock sector is one of the strongest components of the rural economy. The sector contributes substantially to the national economy by providing high value food, income, employment and foreign exchange. There are also significant indirect benefits which include reduced risks to human health, more sustainable use of arable land and pastures, access to lucrative markets and the possibility to add value to livestock products. The processing and marketing of livestock products are also attractive to women. Available evidence suggests that recent growth in the value of sector output was due mostly to a strong increase in producer prices and only a small increase in productivity - despite the ample scope for growth of the latter. Productivity levels are low - number of calves/lambs born per 100 cows/ewes, milk yields, wool output and animal growth rates fall well short of genetic potential of the current mix of animal breeds and international industry standards. Current levels of animal productivity are low - due to poor nutrition, the high incidence of diseases, heavy affliction with parasites, and poor animal and farm management.
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Kyrgyz Republic : Agricultural Policy Update, Volume1. OverviewThis policy note examines the policy and
 investment framework between 2003 and 2010, resulting sector
 performance and the priorities for future development. It
 draws attention to the need to refocus on completing the
 fundamental reforms and investments on which
 Kyrgyzstan's early successes were built. These include
 further development of land market, building rural finance
 markets, further public investment and institutional
 development in the irrigation sector, encouraging greater
 private investment in the seeds sector and machinery
 services, public-private partnerships for advisory service
 provision, completion of ongoing reforms in pasture
 management, development of veterinary services and improving
 the business environment for private investment in
 agro-processing. The policy Note discusses the
 government's approach to achieving greater food
 security, which centers on food self-sufficiency and
 discusses why this is not the best route to raising low
 rural incomes - the root cause of food insecurity. The
 report discusses some of the policies conceived after the
 food price crisis, including intervention in output markets,
 and argues that these are likely to be unaffordable,
 ineffective and will divert limited resources away from more
 important reforms. The policy note describes possible
 approaches to development of the sector, including minimal
 government intervention in markets, promoting responsibility
 for management of natural resources with communities,
 facilitating user contributions to infrastructure
 investments and the cost of services and provision of public
 services through private providers. These were the
 foundation of many of Kyrgyzstan's earlier successes
 but also respond to the new imperatives brought about by the
 2010 political crisis, including the renewed urgency for
 growth and stability in the agricultural sector to rebuild
 rural communities, fiscal discipline to address the budget
 deficit and improved governance to restore confidence in
 government. The strategic objectives could more usefully
 emphasize the need to: a) raise rural incomes; b) protect
 vulnerable consumers from price and supply shocks; c)
 increase agricultural profitability and reduce risk; d)
 protect consumers from public health risks; and e) arrest
 environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity.
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Environmental and Social Management System Implementation Handbook : Animal ProductionEnvironmental and social responsibility is becoming more and more important in todayapos;s global economy. There are thousands of environmental and social codes and standards in the world today. The codes and standards define the rules and the objectives. But the challenge is in the implementation. An environmental and social management system (ESMS) helps companies to integrate the rules and objectives into core business operations, through a set of clearly defined, repeatable processes. This Handbook is intended to be a practical guide to help companies in the animal production industry develop and implement an environmental and social management system, which should help to improve overall operations. Some people think that an environmental and social management system must be big, complicated and expensive. But that is not really true. To be effective, a management system needs to be scaled to the nature and size of the company. If a company has existing management systems for quality or health and safety, this Handbook will help to expand them to include environmental and social performance. Sections I and II provide background on environmental and social management systems (ESMS) in the animal production industry. Section III provides step-by-step instructions on how to develop and implement an ESMS. The ESMS Toolkit and Case Studies section offers tools to help you develop and implement the systems described in this Handbook, as well as two case studies in the animal production industry that implemented an ESMS. The Self-Assessment and Improvement Guide offers tools to measure the maturity of an ESMS and to develop a plan for improvement.