« Family Schools » in Mainland China and Taiwan: Three Perspectives on a Traditionalist Education
Author(s)
Dutournier, GuillaumeContributor(s)
École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO)Keywords
Anthropology of educationConfucianism
Confucian Revival
Confucian classics
Confucian heritage culture
Confucianism-inspired educative institutions
Confucian values
Confucian philosophy
Mao Zedong
Wang Tsai-gui
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https://hal.science/hal-03983268Abstract
International audienceDuring the last few years in the PRC and in Taiwan, a small minority of parents have illegally removed their children from compulsory school attendance in order to oversee their children’s education themselves or to entrust them to private individuals. Focusing on the Confucian Classics as the sole textbooks, those involved believe themselves to be the inheritors of the “traditional education,” which they re-appropriate as an alternative to the official school system, due to their perception of deficiencies in state education. Just as the wider “children’s Classics reading movement,” of which they are a radical group, the sino-taiwanese “family schools” owe their origin and their principal characteristics to a Taiwanese professor, Wang Caigui, who, after having been a disciple of Mou Zongsan, has evolved from his neoconfucianist academic background and become a strong promoter of “Classics reading,” and also, though in a more discreet way, “family schools” as a kind of paradoxical elitism. Based on fieldwork study in about ten “sishu” in mainland China and in six Taiwanese “dujingban,” this article takes into account both the similarities and differences of Chinese and Taiwanese socio-political contexts, not neglecting the evident homologies with western “homeschooling” practices. It tries to articulate both the generic and the specific approaches by combining three perspectives on the dynamics and issues at stake in this double education network.
Depuis les années 2000, à Taiwan comme en Chine populaire, une petite minorité de parents d’élèves soustraient plus ou moins légalement leurs enfants à l’obligation scolaire, soit pour se charger eux-mêmes de leur entière éducation, soit pour les confier contre rémunération à des particuliers partisans de la même démarche. Pour des motifs tant identitaires qu’éducatifs, ces pédagogues autoproclamés se détournent de l’institution scolaire, tentant ainsi de renouer, par-delà les ruptures modernistes du xxe siècle, avec une éducation familiale associant le développement de l’enfant à la mémorisation des Classiques confucéens. Expression radicale du « mouvement pour la lecture des Classiques par les enfants », ce phénomène porte la marque de l’universitaire taiwanais Wang Caigui, qui promeut à travers cette forme d’éducation alternative un projet élitiste, mais privé pour l’heure d’une véritable validation institutionnelle. Basée sur un ensemble de cas continentaux et taiwanais, cette étude mesure la cohérence tant idéologique qu’organisationnelle des « écoles familiales », tout en montrant l’impact du double contexte socio-politique sur leurs dynamiques et leurs modes de légitimation. La délimitation de trois domaines d’effectivité sociale, qui ressortissent à trois perspectives distinctes, permet de prendre en compte l’idiosyncrasie du phénomène sans ignorer sa dimension générique.
Date
2011-11-01Type
info:eu-repo/semantics/articleIdentifier
oai:HAL:hal-03983268v1hal-03983268
https://hal.science/hal-03983268
DOI
10.4000/extremeorient.195ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.4000/extremeorient.195
Scopus Count
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