RSS 1.0Cultural and Social Ethics
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National values in Vietnam and the world : new contexts, challenges and opportunitiesWorldwide, national identities are challenged by fast technological and economic transitions, political polarization and cultural changes. Vietnam is strengthening its national identity by a fascinating multiyear process of national values dialogue. Vietnam’s current socialist model, incorporating a socialist-oriented market economy, a rule-of law socialist state, and a socialist democracy, is looking at the integration of its traditional cultural values with future orientations. This volume includes 32 articles of authors from Vietnam, but also China, Europe and the Philippines. They cover a broad range of topics, from culture to family, from socialism to patriotism, from justice to wealth, from history to international integration. The contributions are the result of the International Conference on “National Values in the New Context”, held in July 2023 in Hanoi.
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Chinese values : conception and practice [vol.2]China stands as a testament to a profound and enduring history under a unified regime in succession, a vibrant and dynamic present, and a crucial role on the world stage. This book endeavors to uncover and interpret the moral values of China, considering its rich historical, political, and cultural contexts with a critical perspective. It reveals the rationale and legitimacy behind the proposition of socialist values that define contemporary China. Through its nuanced approach, this book provides readers with a deep and critical understanding of the Chinese cognitive framework, collective attitudes and behaviors, all shaped by its enduring unique cultural norms and institutional settings.
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Chinese values : conception and practice [vol.1]China stands as a testament to a profound and enduring history under a unified regime in succession, a vibrant and dynamic present, and a crucial role on the world stage. This book endeavors to uncover and interpret the moral values of China, considering its rich historical, political, and cultural contexts with a critical perspective. It reveals the rationale and legitimacy behind the proposition of socialist values that define contemporary China. Through its nuanced approach, this book provides readers with a deep and critical understanding of the Chinese cognitive framework, collective attitudes and behaviors, all shaped by its enduring unique cultural norms and institutional settings.
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Les peuples constitutifs ou communautés autonomes historiques en République démocratique du Congo : une identité politique et constitutionnelleCette analyse porte sur la consécration constitutionnelle de la nationalité culturelle ou ethnique (nationalité congolaise d’origine par appartenance ethnique ou à une Communauté autonome historique) et les questions qu’elle soulève. Elle recadre les considérations autour du conflit de concept de « Congolais », en tant que citoyen d’un Etat territorial ou en tant que membre d’un peuple constitutif de la République démocratique du Congo. La tradition constitutionnelle congolaise consacre la dimension objective de la notion du peuple « Congolais », un peuple identitaire à partir des ethnies ou Communautés autonomes historiques qui le constituent. La consécration de la conception culturelle ou ethnique (nationalité congolaise d’origine par appartenance ethnique ou à une Communauté autonome historique) de l’Etat est fondée sur le principe de peuples constitutifs ou Communautés humaines historiques afin de protéger le lien politique et social entre l’Etat et la communauté humaine sur lequel il repose.
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Vietnam integration : education, cultures and ethics : voices of teachersThe Vietnam Ethics Series offers insights in the rich values and ethics of Vietnamese culture. This volume on Vietnam Integration reflects on change management strategies in curriculum design and development for teachers' training. Readers of Vietnamese origin will be empowered to deal with intercultural differences and comparative studies with other cultures. Foreign readers will better understand their Vietnamese colleagues' cultural and ethical dilemmas at their workplace. International educators can use this book as a guidebook in designing their courses on intercultural studies. A compilation of Vietnam studies curricula offered by Vietnam Hoc can be helpful to international educators and students with interest in Asian cultures and values-based education.
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Représentations et normes liées à la masculinité : construction d'un concept hier et aujourd'hui : pour une masculinité positive dans une perspective bibliqueVoici un livre qui touche à un tabou : la violence faite aux femmes et cela même au nom de vénérables institutions religieuses. L'auteur montre une insidieuse tactique de déstabilisation, car quand les femmes sont opprimées, toute l'humanité souffre. En tant que chef ecclésiastique, l'auteur désire ramener les gens à la vérité et à la volonté d'un dieu de paix. Malheureusement, même la Bible peut être utilisée comme alibi pour soutenir des structures qui nuisent à autrui, où les valeurs traditionnelles de patriarcat renforcent la subordination des femmes, dans "la masculinité négative". Au lieu d'abolir des valeurs traditionnelles et d’occulter certains passages bibliques problématiques, les prémisses d'une masculinité positive sont définies par le message biblique dans sa totalité et son unité.
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Interculturality, Intraculturality and Education: New Proposals for Sociocultural Intervention in Latin AmericaToday it is difficult to investigate how to deal with the interaction of heterogeneous societies living in common spaces of coexistence (interculturality). Certainly, the intervention in this field of scientific knowledge requires to know and to be able to apply the concepts, models and paradigms of social relation that differ considerably according to the social context in which we are investigating. It is not the same (although done fairly frequently), contextualizing this situation in the American society, or in the European, Asian or Latin American, to give some examples. The education, through a new concept of sociocultural relations, specific to each context, will favour the establishment of ties to promote and encourage the coexistence of peoples. This coexistence in the social context of Latin America is based on the momentum generated by the Indigenous Peoples that have led to profound changes in educational paradigms and social relations. The new situation causes the interaction of such disparate concepts as intra- and transculturality through the incidence of identity in the context of globalization.
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The Enchanting Dream of “Spiritual Capital”Spiritual capital has gained prominence in the past decade as the social capital of faith based organizations (FBOs). In a previous issue of Implicit Religion, Chris Baker and Jonathan Miles-Watson, of the William Temple Foundation (WTF), presented an exhaustive review of the relevant literature on social capital and spiritual capital, and proposed a notion of spiritual capital that includes religious culture motivating social action (Baker and Miles-Watson 2010). This interpretation has transformed the original notion of spiritual capital into a normative concept that seeks to celebrate spirituality rather than understand it. This paper presents a critical reflection on the implications of such an approach and argues for the differentiation and analysis of religious phenomena.
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Too Many Dicks at the Writing Desk, or, How to Organize a Prophetic Sausage-FestAbstractThe key issue for this paper is the role of writing in both the production of and instabilities in prophetic masculinity. I draw upon three sources: the work of Lévi-Strauss concerning the "writing experiment," Christina Pettersen's exploration of the role of writing in constructing the ruling class in colonial Greenland, and some of my older work concerning the auto-referentiality of references to writing and scribal activity in the Hebrew Bible. Armed with these theoretical strings, the paper has two phases—what may be called "organizing the sausage-fest" and "too many dicks at the writing desk." The first concerns the production of masculinity, the second its problems.
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Ungraceful God: Masculinity and Images of God in Brazilian Popular CultureAbstractThe article investigates how God is represented in popular culture, especially in music, in Brazil. It gives a general background about Brazilian culture showing how religion is part of the identity constructions of Brazilian people and how it is marked by multiplicity, syncretism and hybridization. It then analyses two popular songs that make explicit statements about "who God is" and how those statements are related to traditional masculine gender constructions. Finally, the article discusses how issues of masculinity and religion have been approached in recent scholarship and points to the need for other ways of imagining God that are related to people's experience.
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Paul Tillich and the Theology of German Religious SocialismAbstractAlthough Tillich is better known for his later work in the United States, it was in his earlier religious socialism that he forged many of the central features of what proved lasting in his theology. The political ferment following the collapse of imperial Germany after the First World War had given rise to a widespread expectation of social and cultural transformation. As a leading theoretician of the German religious socialist movement, Tillich's theology of culture and categories of theonomy, kairos and the demonic emerged as key interpretive readings of political developments that held both promise and danger. As the fascist menace assumed ever larger proportions, Tillich developed his thinking through a critical appropriation of the Marxist tradition and in dialogue with the Frankfurt School. His theology of culture proved able to embrace the secular through identifying those respects in which it could be viewed as imbued with religious substance and stands in refreshing contrast to the ill-considered rejection of the secular that has become a disturbing trend in recent theology.
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Building bridges towards a more humane society : explorations in contextual biblical interpretation on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Bridging Gaps exchange programIn 1994, the Bridging Gaps programme started with four students at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Now, the programme that is aimed at engaging students in contextual theological reflections and intercultural exchange yearly brings a group of 15 students from all over the world to Amsterdam. This volume is the depiction and elaboration of the eponymous symposium that was held in 2020 to celebrate the Bridging Gaps programme’s 25th anniversary. Contributors are people who have been engaging with the programme as students, staff or representatives of partner organisations. This volume is divided into two: ‘Contextual theology and contextual biblical interpretation as catalysts for academic theology’ and ‘A catalyst for community: contextual theology and churches.’ The first part covers issues as LGBTQI+ acceptance, economy and impoverishment, gender-based violence and the position of women in biblical texts and churches. The second part of the volume concerns how local communities respond to a migration crisis and climate crisis.
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Justice et pauvreté comme défis pour les églises chrétiennes : étude de cas en République démocratique du CongoL’objectif de cette thèse est d’enquêter sur le rôle des Églises chrétiennes et du gouvernement dans la lutte contre l’injustice et l’éradication de la pauvreté. Elle propose à la fois un aperçu du concept de justice dans les Nouveau et Ancien Testaments, et aussi à la lumière du défi pour les Églises. Ce travail dresse aussi une analyse approfondie des problèmes entourant la pauvreté et ses causes. Le rôle joué par les organisations internationales dans l’éradication de la pauvreté dans les pays en développement, et plus particulièrement en République démocratique du Congo (RDC), est questionné. Enfin, on trouve une analyse de l’impact de l’industrialisation et de la mondialisation sur les pays en développement, sans omettre une lecture théologique du concept de pauvreté.
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Meaningful work for FilipinosA number of paradigms have been proposed to understand the sources of meaningful work, but a non-Western approach has attracted little attention. Because some authors have argued that meaningful work has positive valence that has eudaimonic rather than hedonic content, a virtue-ethics approach to meaningful work has been used. Virtue ethicists acknowledge that our work and our places of employment have a profound influence in shaping our character and living a fulfilled life. This study aims to make a theoretical contribution toward an understanding of meaningful work from a virtue-ethics framework that is culturally meaningful and relevant to Filipino realities and their distinct heritage. It will develop a conceptual model for a Filipino view of meaningful work that could guide both researchers and practitioners in business ethics by defining what is meaningful work, explaining why it is important, and presenting some examples of concrete measures that management can utilize to promote meaningful work in the Philippine workplace. By integrating Filipino virtues in conceptualizing meaningful work, I believe that a theoretical advancement is made toward a pluralistic and multicultural understanding of the concept, especially through the lens of virtue-ethics.
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Whispers from the land of snows : culture-based violence in TibetThis study investigates the correlation between violations of cultural rights and the violence committed by state actors against a community rooted in a profoundly Buddhist society. It is based on the first-hand testimonies of Tibetan exiles who have sought asylum in Switzerland. It uncovers the experiences, perceptions and opinions of Tibetans, most of whom have suffered various forms of abuse in Tibet. The approach adopted in this book draws on the 2007 Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and 2007 Declaration de Fribourg, which reflect the essential role of cultural rights. It also focuses on the concept of genocide developed by Raphael Lemkin (1900–1959). The PRC has violently disrupted the natural process of cultural change in Tibet, through forced cultural assimilation which continues to engender violence. Tibetans’ resilience, nonviolence and commitment to peace are powerful coping mechanisms. Yet, extreme self-violence continues: since 1998, 157 self-immolations have been reported. Efforts must continue to advocate for human rights in Tibet, particularly when it comes to issues of freedoms of expression, religion, assembly and of move- ment, in order to secure a sustainable peace that would benefit both Tibet and the PRC.
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Diritti dell’uomo e cooperazione internazionale : l’etica della reciprocitàI diritti dell’uomo costituiscono la grammatica dello sviluppo, sono una dimensione del vivere comune, sono il motore della dialettica e del cambiamento sociale e il lievito della democrazia. La loro forza sta nel coniugare tutto ciò che di giusto e di buono ci si può attendere dall’agire sociale ma se spesso si invocano come soluzione di ogni difficoltà, difficilmente si accettano i presupposti e le implicazioni della loro effettività. Questo testo parte dai diritti dell’uomo per mostrare un nuovo approccio alla povertà e alla cooperazione internazionale, non più basato sulle risposte ai bisogni o sulla tamponatura dei problemi ma, ribaltando la prospettiva, sulla capacità di fornire risposte centrate sulla dignità della persona e delle popolazioni.
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Responding to discriminatory requests for a different healthcare providerPatient requests for a healthcare provider of a particular race or sexual orientation create a conflict of obligations. On the one hand, providers have a duty to deliver clinically indicated care consistent with patient preferences. On the other hand, providers have legal, professional, and organizational assurances that they should not suffer workplace discrimination. Protecting healthcare providers from harm while maintaining obligations to patients requires unambiguous messaging to both parties. Providers need to be clear that their organization will not be complicit in discrimination against them, instead supporting their needs and preferences for management of the situation. In a context of patient-centered care, harm principle-based boundaries of respect for autonomy must be defined. A Caregiver preference guideline developed and used at University Health Network, Toronto provides a standardized way for the organization to decide when it will honor patient requests for providers of a particular background. This process stresses dialogue, assessment of clinical feasibility, and empowerment and support for affected care providers.
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Religion and Sex: Marriage Equality and the Attempt to Regulate Intimacy in a Multifaith SocietyThe debate about same-sex marriage in Australia is used as a lens through which to examine the challenges to social policy debates produced by increases in religious diversity, on the one hand, and the re-entry of religious voices in the public sphere on the other. Moreover, it has now become necessary for non-religious so called secular voices, once considered to be the norm, to defend their positions. Australia’s provision of ‘civil celebrants’ to conduct marriage ceremonies since the mid-1970s has established a free market for weddings. This freedom enables us to see what people choose—clergy, or civil celebrants—as they get married. Recent changes to marriage both in terms of law and the ways people negotiate their marriage relationships have shifted the focus of marriage from an economic transaction centred on assuring paternity to the support of intimacy. In this context the debate about Marriage Equality demonstrates a serious disconnect between those who oppose same-sex marriage and the realities of negotiating intimacy in Australia at this time.
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Responding to discriminatory requests for a different healthcare providerPatient requests for a healthcare provider of a particular race or sexual orientation create a conflict of obligations. On the one hand, providers have a duty to deliver clinically indicated care consistent with patient preferences. On the other hand, providers have legal, professional, and organizational assurances that they should not suffer workplace discrimination. Protecting healthcare providers from harm while maintaining obligations to patients requires unambiguous messaging to both parties. Providers need to be clear that their organization will not be complicit in discrimination against them, instead supporting their needs and preferences for management of the situation. In a context of patient-centered care, harm principle-based boundaries of respect for autonomy must be defined. A Caregiver preference guideline developed and used at University Health Network, Toronto provides a standardized way for the organization to decide when it will honor patient requests for providers of a particular background. This process stresses dialogue, assessment of clinical feasibility, and empowerment and support for affected care providers.
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A problem with inclusion in learning disability researchPeople with severe learning disability are particularly difficult to include in the research process. As a result, researchers may be tempted to focus on those with learning disability who can be included. The problem is exacerbated in this field as the political agenda of inclusion and involvement is driven by those people with learning disability who are the higher functioning. To overcome this we should first detach the notion of consent from ideas about autonomy and think instead of it as a way to avoid wronging others; this fits the original historical use of consent in research. This allows us to think in terms of including participants to the best of their abilities rather than in terms of a threshold of autonomy. Researchers could then use imaginative ways to include the least able and to ensure they are not wronged in research or by exclusion from it.
