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Öko-theologische Ansätze zur Überwindung des despotischen Anthropozentrismus in der ökumenischen BewegungThe essay is providing an account of beginnings of eco-theological reflexions within the global ecumenical movement, mainly related to selected two out of several periods, mainly an early period of the 1960ies and a last period after the first decade of this century. It describes how the ecumenical discourse has reacted to a major challenges presented by an essay from Lynn White from late 60is which was accusing Christianity to be the main culprit of environmental destruction. The essay culminates in identifying five major types of eco-theological discourses in the past two decades and identifies four major challenges at the end in which eco-theological work needs to move forward.
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Coping strategies & self-esteem : an empirical study among single mothers experiencing poverty in urban BarbadosPoverty is a multidimensional dilemma in the region. In Barbados, the reality of poverty seems to be disguised for a diversity of motives. This explorative study was conducted among single mothers experiencing poverty in urban Barbados. This research focused on eighty (80) participants who were asked to respond to a questionnaire, three (3) case studies were conducted. The study sought to establish assumptions between age and education as it relates to self-esteem and coping strategies. Further, it also sought to investigate any relationships of significant between self-esteem and coping strategies. Results indicate that only the hypothesis, which suggests educational levels, has an impact on how single mothers’ use of coping strategy was supported. Recommendations focused on an integrated approach to the dilemma.
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Rationalising an Integrated Public Protection Arrangement for Anguilla : A pragmatic approach to managing high risk offendersPublic protection has become a key theme in recent criminal justice legislation and policy aimed at the effective management of high-risk offenders. This paper rationalizes an integrated approach to managing high risk offenders within Anguilla having consulted the two main approaches to public protection: the community protection model, and the public health approach. A precursory analysis was made of Anguilla’s criminal justice system and administrative governance; further, its pre and post economic crisis public debt financing analysis was reviewed. The paper concludes by positing a pragmatic approach to an integrated public protection arrangement having evaluated the island’s current economic condition and the realities of its criminal justice arrangements. Additionally, recommendations are presented to address areas within the criminal justice system to be developed which will inform a basis for an integrated public protection arrangement.
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The Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism (PCIJ) and ABS-CBN through the Prisms of Hermann and Chomsky's Propaganda ModelThis paper is an attempt to localize Herman and Chomsky’s analysis of the commercial media and use this concept to fit in the Philippine media climate. Through the propaganda model, they introduced the five interrelated media filters which made possible the “manufacture of consent.” By consent, Herman and Chomsky meant that the mass communication media can be a powerful tool to manufacture ideology and to influence a wider public to believe in a capitalistic propaganda. Thus, they call their theory the “propaganda model” referring to the capitalist media structure and its underlying political function. Herman and Chomsky’s analysis has been centered upon the US media, however, they also believed that the model is also true in other parts of the world as the media conglomeration is also found all around the globe. In the Philippines, media conglomeration is not an alien concept especially in the presence of a giant media outlet, such as, ABS-CBN. In this essay, the authors claim that the propaganda model is also observed even in the less obvious corporate media in the country, disguised as an independent media entity but like a chameleon, it camouflages into an invisible creature leaving predators without any clue. Hence, the reason to analyze and scrutinize a highly reputable news organization in the country, namely, the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism (PCIJ) in relation to their portrayal of the Duterte presidency.
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Ursprung und Ziel : Wie die Evolution weitergehtIn contrast to the common notions of the origin of all things, the big bang or a creationist concept / “Intelligenc Design”, a third possibility is discussed here, which is able to resolve the contradiction between religious ideas and the facts of natural science. Evolution, it turns out, is a teleological process that is immanent to the origin and found its temporary end in man. Now it is up to him to consciously continue the evolution. The riddles of the naturalistic theory of evolution, such as Cambrian radiation or why genders came about at all, even the question of chicken and egg, find an answer. Gegenüber den gängigen Vorstellungen vom Ursprung aller Dinge, dem Urknall oder einem kreationistischen Konzept/„Intelligenc Design“ wird hier eine dritte Möglichkeit erörtert, die den Widerspruch zwischen den religiösen Vorstellungen und den Fakten der Naturwissenschaft zu lösen vermag. Evolution, so zeigt sich, ist ein teleologischer Prozess, der dem Ursprung immanent ist und im Menschen sein vorläufiges Ende fand. Nun liegt es an ihm die Evolution bewusst weiterzuführen. Die Rätsel der naturalistischen Evolutionstheorie, wie die kambrische Radiation oder weshalb überhaupt Geschlechter entstanden, ja sogar die Frage nach Huhn und Ei, finden eine Antwort.
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Experiences on the Use and Misuse of the Shopee Application Towards Purchasing Behavior Among Selected Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) Senior High School StudentsThe internet has had a profound impact on people’s attitudes and behaviors all over the world. As a result of this advantage, online shopping has emerged, influencing ordinary citizens’ lives. Although online shopping has begun in the Philippines with the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers are not yet accustomed to doing so regularly. The purpose of this study, in this case, is to understand the behavior of online shoppers through a self-constructed survey among selected Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) students at a specific private school in Manila, Philippines. According to the survey, consumers shop online to save time and gain access to a wider variety of products and services. When it comes to liking and disliking factors, both men and women exhibit the same behavior; they prefer home delivery and dislike the inability to touch and feel the product the most. They get online shopping information from websites, particularly social networks, and pay cash on delivery for clothes, makeup, and accessories. The majority of shoppers are concerned about the payment system’s security, and their overall satisfaction with online shopping is mixed.
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Developing a Virtue Ethics Scale : Exploratory Survey of Philippine ManagersThis paper is an exploratory attempt at generating a virtue ethics scale for managers from the Philippines, using the initial listing of Shanahan and Hyman (2003). The survey questionnaire consisting of 34 virtues was administered to a sample of 141 business and finance postgraduate students who are managers in the companies in Philippines. Based on the factor analysis of the responses to the items on the virtues questionnaire, the following were the resulting virtue or trait factors: (1) Care and concern, (2) Competence, (3) Ambition, and (4) Superiority. The four resulting virtue factors compare more or less with the virtue listings generated in the literature: “Care and concern” is analogous to “empathy” and “respect”; and “competence” seems akin to “integrity”, “trust”, and “reliability” in the literature. The results corroborate evidence in the Virtue Ethics literature that proposes the virtue theory as an improved ethical paradigm for business. It is indeed possible to augment teleological and deontological ethics scales with a virtue ethics scale that can cause both the researcher and the respondents to be more aware of the virtuous qualities of business people and managers. Such classifications can aid scale validation and development, which in turn could help push the strategic role of the virtue ethics theory.
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Examining the Global Financial Crisis from a Virtue Theory LensAs the financial crisis of 2008-9 has continued to affect the global economy, many wonder whether the proposed solutions contribute to a more stable financial system as well as to better human behaviour. While the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC) Report (2011) identified the factors essential to explaining the causes of the financial crisis as having included credit and housing bubbles, nontraditional mortgages, credit ratings and securitization, financial institutions concentrated correlated risk, leverage and liquidity risk, contagion risk, shock and panic, failure in virtue has also been very patent in the crisis, foremost of them being: excessive leverage and imprudent risk-taking, failure in fiduciary duties and in stewardship, as well as greed, lack of moderation, and fraud. The lens of virtue theory is, thus, necessary to analyze and explore the financial crisis’ origins and remedies. There exist ways of measuring such virtuousness or lack thereof among managers and finance industry participants, one of them being the creation of a virtue ethics scale. This paper presents the results of a survey of 141 Philippine managers, which sought to elicit from the respondents which of the virtues listed they considered desirable traits. The major responses were: (1) Honesty and competence, (2) Kind-heartedness, (3) Self-confidence, (4) Innovativeness, (5) Ambition, and (6) Security. The study’s results can give practitioners an idea of the virtues or character traits that employees in Philippine companies expect or find desirable in their superiors. In addition, they can inform the crisis debate from a virtue theory perspective.
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Teaching about statelessness with Neha : a guide to exploring borders, belonging, citizenship and rights with childrenInstitute on Statelessness and Inclusion (ISI), 2020This teaching guide is an interactive, memorable, and creative way to teach children about statelessness. It features twelve activities exploring borders and belonging, as well as citizenship and rights. The guide is best suited for children aged ten to fourteen, and it includes multiple difficulty levels to ensure that the difficulty level is adequate for all students aged 10-14 years old. The guide was developed to accompany ‘The Girl Who Lost Her Country’ children’s book, also available in the Globethics.net Library.
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The Girl Who Lost Her Country‘The Girl Who Lost Her Country’ is an entertaining and educational book for children on the topic of statelessness. The book is based on real stories of stateless people from all around the world. The book is centred around Neha - a twelve-year-old girl from Nepal who travels the world in her dreams. Through her adventures Neha discovers that she is stateless and that there are many other people like her who are treated unfairly only because they do not have a citizenship. Through the help of her wonderful friends, Neha learns that every person has a right to a nationality, but many are still denied this fundamental right. These and other serious issues surrounding statelessness and the right to a nationality are discussed in a fun and engaging way to help children learn about the issue, through beautiful illustrations, interactive activities and real life examples. A teaching guide to accompany this book is also available in the Globethics.net Library.
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Shapeless ShapesShapeless Shapes is a graphic novel about identity, belonging, history, xenophobia, freedom, racism, discrimination, injustice, activism, citizenship & statelessness. The novel visualises these themes and makes them digestible for all audiences. Shapeless Shapes tells the story of our world, in which we are all a different shape. Every shape has its rightful place, fits in and conforms. Until they don’t. Shapes also move around, explore, fall in love with other shapes and create a more interesting world, in which identity and belonging are no longer strictly defined by shape alone. A messier world, in which some shapes are erased and are made shapeless by powerful shapes. These shapeless shapes are denied their basic rights and are excluded. They are cast out. But some of them come together to fight back, demanding their rights and the recognition of their shapes.
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Spinoza’s Tractatus Theologico-PoliticusFor me, Spinoza deserves our respect, not for the fact that he fought against religious suppression and for democracy and peace (which are noble deeds, indeed), but for the fact that he sees rationalism as the solution to human strife. We should use our intellect to try to come closer to the truth, to guide our actions and to consider the best option for all parties involved. This idea-using reason to increase humanity, dignity and peace-is enough to make Spinoza one of the most enlightened thinkers, ever. Spinoza is a staunch defender of democracy, albeit not in an Ancient Greece-like form, but in a representative form. One of his strongest arguments in favor of democracy is that the people and the government are near-identical. This leads to broad support for the state's power and therefore to peace.
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Relasi Ideo-Historis antara Hukum Negara dan Hukum Islam di IndonesiaPaper ini menjelaskan tentang benturan dua hukum yang belakangan sering menjadi bahan perdebatan oleh pihak-pihak tertentu di Indonesia. Benturan dua hukum yang dimaksud berkenaan dengan hukum negara (Undang-Undang) dan hukum agama (khususnya agama Islam, sebagai agama yang paling banyak dianut oleh masyarakat Indonesia). Perdebatan ini sangat wajar terjadi, mengingat Indonesia merupakan negara yang tidak menerapkan sistem hukum Islam (secara formal), namun menerapkan sistem hukum yang berlandaskan Pancasila. Padahal realitanya, Indonesia dihuni oleh masyarakat pemeluk Islam terbanyak di dunia. Beberapa pihak mengklaim bahwa hukum (perundang-undangan) di Indonesia yang telah ada selama ini tidak sesuai dengan tuntutan syariat Islam, sehingga harus diubah menjadi hukum Islam (syariat). Bahkan tidak sedikit yang ingin mengubah negara Indonesia yang berbentuk republik dengan landasan hukum konstitusionalnya menjadi negara Islam (Islamic State). Paper ini juga menjelaskan apa latar belakang perdebatan itu bisa terjadi, dan bagaimana bentuk deskriptif-analisis terhadap persoalan tersebut jika ditinjau dari aspek ideo-historis antara hukum negara dan hukum Islam di Indonesia.
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Meaning and Value of Work: a Marxist PerspectiveThe thesis that there is a reciprocal relationship between human beings and work—i.e., although man controls work, he may find in it either fulfillment or degradation—has its roots in the Marxist theory of alienation. This paper, therefore, tackles this problem from a Marxist perspective. It examines Marx and Engels’s analysis of the history and causes of human alienation by presenting their views on human nature and how work is related to the individual’s search for meaning and fulfillment. The two—man and work—cannot be separated, for doing so leads to alienated work (production alienation) and alienated worker (self-alienation). Hence, the problem of employee satisfaction has to be dealt with from the perspective of how employees experience their relation to their work.
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Peace Learning in Society by Empowered TeachersIn the modern era, education has taken many people to a new pace of life. Due to the wide range of availability of education ithas opened the opportunity amongdiversity of people. As a social change education plays avital role in everyone. It inculcates new emerging thoughts as well as attitudes among the youngsters. It leads to explore plenty of things which in return sharpenthe knowledge of the children.It also made a rival change in the behaviors and skills that they require to perform their tasks, effectively not only in the classroom but also in the wider community. It boosts them with animmune energy to face the real world with no fear. Empowering teachers is giving freedom in their own way of teaching that they are confident enough to share the resource and materials that their students are in need of. Teachers should be in a comfortable zone to communicate as well as guide them as they are the mentors and existing examples. In the field of education teachers deserve this as agents of sustainable peace in the society.Values and ethics are not to be imposed but rather inspired and defined. Due to the intervention of industrial culture, most of the parents couldn’t spend time with children. Hence a part of a time is spent in school, teachers act as clusters in identifying the individual focus of future of students. They are responsible for the development of the value systems and their achievement is to make them understand about the purpose of life. By introducing peace learning in the society it will balance the space for yourself and society Peace. It offers the individual a sense of being, allows each to recognize one’s own unique particular destiny. It creates inner peace as well as teaches how to create outer peace in the society for the well being of others. It broadens the minds of an individual. Whenever a conflict arises, the state of peace comes in action. It brings a solution by finding ourselves as well teaches how to lend our ears to others. To achieve a educational goal is one of the role of a teacher, they are the key to sustainability and national capacity in achieving learning and creating societies based on knowledge, values and ethics.They have to overcome challenges as poor training, shortage of staff.This paper highlights the need and importance of empowering teachers in giving quality education that identifies teachers' multiple potential to make a sound change in society in terms of peace
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Investigating the impact of ethnicity on citizens’ reflecting urban problems of urban deteriorated areas in Iran: the case of Takab cityEven though Iran is one of the most diverse countries in terms of ethnicity, and numerous articles in urban studies have emphasised the key role of citizens’ views in urban issues, the connection between these two has remained less investigated in this country. This study tried to answer two important questions. Firstly, whether citizens’ ethnicity impacts their view on reflecting urban problems; and, secondly, if so, whether ethnicity could act as a predicting factor in this regard. For this, 150 Azeri and Kurd residents of urban deteriorated areas in Takab city were interviewed by questionnaires. To analyse the outcomes of the questionnaires, different statistical tests including rank-biserial, Pearson chi-square, and Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLR) were employed. The results revealed that ethnicity does have a significant impact on the level of citizens’ reflecting urban problems. More importantly, the ORL model outcomes suggested that the Kurd ethnic group showed less level of complaining about urban problems. After investigating the underlying reasons for this outcome, it appeared that Kurds tend to “acquiesce” after many years of being discriminated against as a minority ethnic group. Consequently, these results further underlined how influential factor ethnicity is in citizens’ conception of their neighbourhood.
