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中國城市居民的親屬關係與精神健康: 親屬網絡與支持對心理抑鬱的影響 : 以北京為例.At last, we found some basic characteristics in Chinese kinship. Couple and child-parent are still the pivots in present urban China. Filial piety is undergoing many changes. For adult children, parents are important in instrumental supports. And siblings are hardly regarded as expected supporters.
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Exploring Psychosocial Well-being and Social Connectedness in Northern UgandaThis paper describes research conducted
 as the first stage in the process of developing a structured
 interview schedule to assess psychological distress,
 empowerment, social connectedness, economic well-being, and
 other variables among women in the Acholi region of Uganda.
 An interview schedule was developed following a review of
 the literature, individual interviews with women in northern
 Uganda, and group discussions with community members,
 members of women's groups, and community leaders.
 Following initial testing of the entire interview schedule,
 the reliability and validity of two sections-measures of
 psychological distress and social connectedness, were
 explored in more detail. Initial analysis suggests that both
 are potentially useful with this population. However, the
 measure of psychological distress did not distinguish
 clearly between a group of women identified by a local
 community-based organization (CBO) as showing signs of
 psychological distress and a group of women showing no such
 signs. Additional work is required to confirm the validity
 of the psychological distress scale used. It was found that
 psychological well-being was more closely associated with
 the amount of social support a woman receives than with how
 many social activities or groups she is involved with.
 Involvement in groups may not, in itself, alleviate
 psychological distress, but the practical and emotional
 support provided by friends, neighbors, and relatives is
 likely to have a positive effect. Some evidence was found
 that there is a relationship between involvement in
 religious activities and psychological well-being.
 Psychological distress is often accompanied by poor physical
 health. Although further research is required to clarify the
 nature of these relationships, initial findings suggest that
 organizations that aim to improve psychological well-being
 would do well to address physical health problems as a
 priority, and may wish to explore ways in which women
 experiencing psychological distress could link with
 religious organizations.
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A model for empowerment of families with mentally handicapped childrenThe purpose of this study was to develop an empowerment model for families of mentally handicapped children in Moletši district in Limpopo Province. To achieve this purpose, the study consisted of four steps, namely exploring the meaning of empowerment in the context of families with mentally handicapped children; developing and describing a model for empowerment of such families; formulating guidelines for the implementation of the model, and evaluating the implementation of the model. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual theory-generative design was used. The population of the study was all families who had mentally handicapped children in Moletši district of the Polokwane and Aganang municipalities. Semi-structured interviews, assessment guides and case studies were conducted with the families to evaluate the effectiveness of the model and whether the families reached self-efficacy in the care, treatment and rehabilitation of their mentally handicapped children. Non-probability, purposive sampling was used in order to obtain relevant information from the correct participants. Concepts were identified and analysed, which led to the development of the model for empowerment of families with mentally handicapped children. The model was applied in practice, where the families’ problems were identified and planned for, and the plans were put into action by means of case studies, and monitoring and evaluation was done through observation, interviews, discussion and meetings.The results revealed that the families proved to be independent and reached self-efficacy in the care, treatment and rehabilitation of their mentally handicapped children. The model is a unique contribution to nursing education, research, administration and practice and sets guidelines for a new field in the practice of psychiatric nursing.