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Skills for the Labor Market in the PhilippinesThis book investigates trends in skills
 demand and supply over the past two decades for insights
 into ways to build (and use) the critical skills needed to
 sustain competitiveness of the Philippine economy. Part one
 of the book investigates trends in demand for skills in the
 country overall and by sectors, explores its possible
 determinants, and attempts to identify emerging skills gaps.
 Part two turns to the analysis of the supply of skills in
 the country with a focus on the ability of education and
 training to provide highly skilled labor, keeping
 workers' skills updated, and providing skills
 development opportunities for the unskilled. It explores
 employers' perceptions on the quality of institutions
 and provides detailed analysis of the main characteristics,
 outcomes, and challenges in four key (or growing) subsectors
 of the provision of skills in the country: higher education,
 postsecondary technical-vocational education, non-formal
 secondary education, and postemployment training. It
 concludes with a summary of policy recommendations.
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Education, Training and Labor Market Outcomes for Youth in IndonesiaThis report is part of the Analytical
 and Advisory Activities (AAA) program focusing on the
 engagement area of 'skills development,
 competitiveness, and knowledge economy' and is based on
 several background papers and technical notes written on the
 characteristics of youth employment and the role of
 education and skills in the school-to-work transition in
 Indonesia. The slow transition of graduates is explored in
 detail in section two, which pays special attention to
 differences by education levels. It highlights the
 difficulties of senior secondary school graduates in
 accessing good quality jobs and the high unemployment rate
 that they face upon graduation. Given these worrisome signs
 of young senior secondary school graduates (considered the
 lower tier of 'skilled' workers) and expected
 increases in the transition to senior secondary education
 (which are already rising rapidly), section three focuses on
 the senior secondary school level. Seeking to shed some
 light on the question of whether senior secondary education
 is providing the right skills for its students, the section
 explores the employment profile of vocational (SMK) vs.
 general (SMA) graduates and, drawing on a recent survey of
 employers, argues against a drastic increase in the
 proportion of vocational students, highlighting instead the
 need to adjust the skill base of senior secondary school
 graduates. Based on the findings, section four explores ways
 to meet the demand for skills through changes in senior
 secondary school, strengthening of the non-formal training
 system and providing targeted entrepreneurship programs.
 Finally, section five provides some overall recommendations
 going forward.
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Botswana Labor Market Signals on Demand for SkillsBotswana has an official unemployment
 rate of 17.8 percent. The low labor-intensity of growth is a
 potential explaining factor for this high level of
 unemployment. It is thus essential to analyze the role of
 education and training in the access to employment. This
 note finds that the role of education has changed under the
 effect of schooling expansion and persistent unemployment.
 Labor market institutions appear to have a limited impact on
 employment and wage levels, while the importance of active
 labor market programs is growing. This note aims to identify
 labor market signals that point to demand for specific
 current and future skills. The note seeks to answer the
 following questions: does the labor market place a higher
 premium on workers literacy and numeracy skills, technical
 skills, or behavioral skills?; is the labor market more in
 need of secondary or tertiary education graduates?; and will
 growing economic sectors (for example, tourism) benefit more
 by increasing the supply of sector-specific skills (for
 example, through specific training for tour guides and
 hospitality staff) or general skills (for example, through
 training of lawyers and accountants who can be absorbed in
 any sector of the economy)?.This note analyzes the following
 data and documentation to identify labor market signals in
 the Botswana economy: government economic growth and
 diversification strategies; general labor market data; and
 enterprise and employee surveys.