Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
The Global Plankton Database: an inventory and data from the former Soviet Union expeditionsCore international projects dealing with the ocean, as well as the UNEP Biodiversity and Climate Change Program, have emphasized an urgent need for information on the impact of climate change on species diversity and on the development of efforts to deal with this impact. In order to assess this impact, a global database of historical data sets is needed. For instance, there is a lack of knowledge on the interannual climate-related variability of zooplankton communities of the tropical Atlantic, central Mediterranean Sea, Caspian Sea, Aral Sea, and Arabian Sea due to the absence of appropriate databases. The general goal was to develop a plankton database of the Former Soviet Union expeditions (carried out by the academic research vessels), available for the international scientific community. This database contains 41 expeditions to the Atlantic Ocean and over 30 expeditions to the enclosed seas of the Atlantic Ocean, including over 30 years of sampling in the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Aral Sea, and 14 expeditions to the Indian Ocean. Basic approach to the proposed research involved: Development of co-operation between experts and data holders in Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, UK, and USA to rescue and compile the oceanographic data sets and release them on CD-ROM (this is the online version of the CD as archived in Pangaea in 2008). The organization and compilation of a database based on FSU cruises to the above regions. The analysis of the basin-scale interannual variability of the zooplankton species abundance, biomass, and species diversity. The Database was created with the assistance of the following institutions: Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Ukrainain National Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Ukraine Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Ukrainain National Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Ukraine Caspian Biological Station, Institute of Zoology of Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan Institute of Zoology and NGO "Tethys", Almaty, Kazakhstan Marine Sciences Research Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom
-
Involving Men in Reproductive and Fertility Issues : Insights from PunjabPakistan's slackening in its
 fertility transition is a cause of concern internationally,
 as well as within the country. This study has a twofold aim
 of exploring couples' dynamics during decision
 processes regarding fertility intentions and practices along
 with community perceptions of male-focused interventions and
 men's suggestions for future intervention strategies.
 The findings are based on three data sources. The primary
 data source is a 2013 qualitative study in four districts of
 Punjab province. The second data source is secondary
 analysis of the baseline and end line surveys of the Family
 Advancement for Life and Health (FALAH 2007-2012) project.
 The third data source is the Pakistan Demographic Health
 Survey (PDHS) 1990-1991 and 2006-2007, which were used to
 assess trends over two decades. The 2013 qualitative study
 was in four districts of Punjab, namely Jhelum, Bahawalpur,
 D.G. Khan, and Okara. The first three were FALAH districts
 in which interventions were tested, while the fourth was
 chosen as a control district. A total of 12 focus group
 discussions were conducted with men, and in-depth interviews
 were conducted with 26 couples in these districts. Data from
 2,649 men and 638 couples from the FALAH baseline and end
 line surveys were analyzed to assess the impact of FALAH
 male-directed interventions on fertility intentions and
 behavior. This study seeks to explore the decision-making
 process of couples in the move from intentions to fertility
 behavior. It also examines the readiness of men to be
 involved in family planning (FP) programs through different
 male-centered interventions. In-depth interviews (IDIs) with
 couples are especially direct in gauging spousal perception
 of the partner's FP approval or disapproval. The study
 focuses on urban and semi-urban areas of Punjab province and
 can be used, at least indicatively, for interregional and
 temporal analyses within the Pakistani context.
-
Involving Men in Reproductive and Fertility Issues : Insights from PunjabDrawing on three sources, a 2013
 qualitative study in four districts of Punjab province; a
 targeted analysis of the baseline and end line surveys of
 the Family Advancement for Life and Health (FALAH 2007-2012)
 project; and the Pakistan Demographic Health Survey (PDHS)
 of 1990-1991 and of 2006-2007, this study explores Pakistani
 (especially Punjabi) couples' dynamics during their
 decision processes on fertility intentions and practices,
 along with community perceptions of male-focused
 interventions as well as men's suggestions for future
 intervention strategies. It finds that men in Punjab seem
 now more concerned about their fertility intentions and
 practices due to the financial challenges of raising large
 families. This concern has not only increased spousal
 communication about family size and contraceptive use but
 has also encouraged Punjabi men to practice family planning.
 Most men now realize that either they or their wives should
 use family planning. It is the next step, however, of
 translating intention into practice, which is a challenge.
 Supply-side issues, including absence or paucity of family
 planning services as well as poor quality of services
 (including service providers' lack of capability to
 manage side effects) are the main factors hindering
 couples' adoption of family planning. Perceived or
 experienced side effects of contraceptive methods are other
 factors. Men's positive attitudes and their readiness
 to be involved in family planning programs suggest that the
 efforts of convincing men to use contraceptives have been
 effective and this it is now time for direct reproductive
 health interventions for men in Punjab. Yet heavy spending
 on media campaigns may not be as effective as interpersonal
 interventions. A focused effort to mobilize men through
 male-specific interventions is likely to increase the demand
 for contraceptives. These interventions have to be backed up
 by improved supply of contraceptives and availability of
 family planning services in accessible facilities.