Keywords
ELDERLYPUBLIC TRANSPORT
VEGETARIANISM
WOMEN'S EMPLOYMENT
FUTURE SOCIETY
MARITAL STATUS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
PUBLIC SECTOR
WAGES
CHURCH
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
DECISION MAKING
CLASS CONFLICT
RETIREMENT
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
RELIGIOUS BEHAVIOUR
PHYSICIANS
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
UNITARY STATE
STRIKES
FREEDOM OF THE PRESS
SPIRITUALISM
DRUGS
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
WASTE COLLECTION
RELIGION
CHANGING SOCIETY
Political behaviour and attitudes - Politics
AGRICULTURAL WORKERS
SOCIAL WELFARE PHILOSOPHY
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
JUSTICE
MEETINGS
ACCESS TO EDUCATION
EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
FATHERS
WORK ATTITUDE
RELIGIOUS PRACTICE
EDUCATION
EUROPEAN UNION
SHOPPING
INFORMATION SOURCES
CITIZENSHIP SKILLS
SOCIAL SUPPORT
FAMILY SIZE
ASPIRATION
ENERGY CONSERVATION
NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
HOUSEHOLDS
JOB SECURITY
PERSONAL CONTACT
SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS
SOCIAL PROBLEMS
EDUCATIONAL LEVELS
ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
ONE-PARENT FAMILIES
GARDENING
UNEMPLOYMENT
INCOME TAX
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
PUBLIC ENTERPRISES
PREMARITAL SEX
NATIONAL BACKGROUND
ETHNIC MINORITIES
WAGE DETERMINATION
WORKPLACE
CARE OF DEPENDANTS
NATURAL SELECTION
NATIONAL ECONOMY
CONSERVATISM
EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMMES
SPOUSE'S OCCUPATION
DIVORCE
DEMONSTRATIONS (PROTESTS)
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
RESPONSIBILITY
THERMAL INSULATION
TRANSITION FROM SCHOOL TO WORK
CONVICTIONS (LEGAL)
EMPLOYMENT
Social indicators and quality of life - Society and culture
COMMUTING
CULTURAL INTEGRATION
GENDER
DEPRESSION
LANGUAGES
LABORATORY ANIMALS
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS
MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT
OCCUPATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
OCCUPATIONAL STATUS
CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY
CRIME
POLICE ACTIVITIES
ABILITY
METAL INDUSTRY
SOCIAL MOBILITY
FAMILY ROLES
INCOMES POLICY
POLITICAL ALLEGIANCE
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
RELIGIOUS DOCTRINES
HOUSING TENURE
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
WASTES
STUDY
CRIMINALS
MORAL CONCEPTS
EMPLOYEES
FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Family life and marriage - Social stratification and groupings
IMMIGRATION
NATIONAL BROADCASTING
VOTING BEHAVIOUR
RACISM
Equality and inequality - Social stratification and groupings
Gender roles - Social stratification and groupings
INFORMATION
URBAN AREAS
BUILDING MAINTENANCE
CENSORSHIP
CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS
PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT
WATER SUPPLY
SERVICE INDUSTRIES
ENERGY SUPPLY
PARTNERSHIPS (PERSONAL)
RELIGIOUS LEADERS
UNMARRIED PERSONS
RURAL AREAS
SUPERVISION
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS
FAMILY DISORGANIZATION
RELIGIOUS DISCRIMINATION
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
SEXUAL HARASSMENT
PROTEST MOVEMENTS
CULTURAL PLURALISM
HUMAN SETTLEMENT
EMPLOYMENT ABROAD
INTERCEPTION OF COMMUNICATION
SPORT
JOB EVALUATION
DEFENCE
SOCIAL STATUS
ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY
PARTICIPATION
WAGES POLICY
EVOLUTION
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
MEN
HOMOSEXUALITY
HETEROSEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS
RADIOACTIVITY
RELIGIOUS PUBLICATIONS
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
ADVICE
AGRICULTURE
Social attitudes and behaviour - Society and culture
NATIONAL IDENTITY
SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN
ACHIEVEMENT
LAW
VISITS (PERSONAL)
CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT
WATER POLLUTION
General - Employment and labour
CHILD-MINDING
HOUSEWORK
ATTITUDES
SCRIPTURES
SOCIAL PROTEST
MARRIED WOMEN WORKERS
POPULATION
LABOUR RELATIONS
CANCER
SUBSIDIARY EMPLOYMENT
PESTICIDES
SIT-INS
NATIONAL UNITY
PRIVATE SECTOR
TAXATION
ETHNIC GROUPS
SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS
SOCIAL SERVICES
SMALL BUSINESSES
SELF-ESTEEM
SPOUSE'S ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
SCHOOLCHILDREN
REVOLUTIONARY ACTION
FATIGUE (PHYSIOLOGY)
HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS
HOUSING
LIFE STYLES
ENVIRONMENT
STUDENT LOANS
SOCIAL INEQUALITY
PARENTS
PLACE OF RESIDENCE
DRIVING
EMPLOYMENT POLICY
HISTORY
STRESS (PSYCHOLOGICAL)
INFANTS
TELEVISION AND RADIO INDUSTRY
UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS
RATES OF PAY
POLICE SERVICES
LIVING CONDITIONS
POLITICAL SYSTEMS
ARMED FORCES
INSURANCE
INFIDELITY
WASTE DISPOSAL AND HANDLING
FREEDOM OF SPEECH
ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTS
SIBLINGS
FAMILY MEMBERS
DAY NURSERIES
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
DISADVANTAGED GROUPS
ECONOMIC POLICY
HUMAN RIGHTS
TRUANCY
NATIONAL CHARACTER
FATHER'S OCCUPATION
SCHOOLS
IMMIGRANTS
SOCIAL SYSTEMS
ELECTIONS
INDUSTRIES
LEISURE TIME ACTIVITIES
GIFTS
PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP
SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
FUEL RESOURCES
CLASS DIFFERENTIATION
BUSINESSES
CULTURE
CHEMICALS
CULTURAL IDENTITY
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC OPINION
STATE CONTROL
POLLUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
DEMOCRACY
HAPPINESS
CAR SHARING
WEALTHY PERSONS
INTERNAL MIGRATION
GERMANY (OCT 1990-)
LAW ENFORCEMENT
SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM
HOUSEWIVES
Environmental and conservation issues - Environment, conservation and land use
NEIGHBOURS
SOCIAL ACTIVITIES (LEISURE)
STATE PENSIONS
PEER-GROUP RELATIONSHIP
ABORTION (INDUCED)
SOCIAL CHANGE
WORKPLACE RELATIONS
HEALTH FOODS
SOCIAL WELFARE
SOCIAL HOUSING
MATERNITY LEAVE
NATIONAL PRIDE
WILDLIFE PROTECTION
INCOME DISTRIBUTION
PRICE POLICY
CHILDHOOD
JOB SATISFACTION
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
MEMBERSHIP
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS
PACKAGING
FUTURE
POLITICAL INTEREST
ADOLESCENTS
STUDENTS
SICK PERSONS
PARENTAL ROLE
LITERATURE
AGE
WALKING
CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS
POLICY
WOMEN
CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS
WHITE COLLAR WORKERS
CHILD ABUSE
LANGUAGE EDUCATION
SELF-GOVERNMENT
WORKING TIME
FILM INDUSTRY
INDUSTRIAL POLICY
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
MOTIVATION
SOCIAL CLASS
RADIATION
NATIONALITY
POOR PERSONS
PERSONNEL
JUDGMENTS (LEGAL)
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
PROGRESS
CULTURAL EXPENDITURE
GENDER ROLE
ANIMAL RIGHTS
SOCIALIZATION
SOCIAL ISOLATION
SCHOOL DISCIPLINE
TRAVELLING TIME
SPIRITUAL HEALING
DETENTION
EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES
FULL-TIME EMPLOYMENT
FUELS
COHABITATION
LAWFUL OPPOSITION
POLITICAL POWER
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
TOWNS
FAMILY LIFE
SOCIAL ATTITUDES
MOTHER'S EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
STATE AID
EDUCATIONAL GRANTS
SOCIAL ORIGIN
DOMESTIC RESPONSIBILITIES
RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
SPOUSE'S OCCUPATIONAL STATUS
LABOUR DISPUTES
RESOURCES CONSERVATION
SCIENCE
ILL-TREATED CHILDREN
JOB VACANCIES
PROSTITUTION
RIGHT TO POLITICAL ASYLUM
SOCIAL CONFLICT
HOMICIDE
POLITICAL UNIFICATION
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
ENERGY SHORTAGES
VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS
CULTURAL CHANGE
RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES
TOP MANAGEMENT
TRADE UNIONS
ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY
RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY
TRADE UNION MEMBERSHIP
FRIENDS
RIGHT TO NATIONALITY
SOCIAL SUCCESS
MARRIAGE
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
SPOUSE'S EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
PUBLIC INFORMATION
CRIMINAL DAMAGE
FAMILIES
BOREDOM
QUALITY OF LIFE
RELIGIOUS ATTENDANCE
PRODUCTS
SCHOOLTEACHERS
ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE
NATIONAL PRESTIGE
MOTHER'S OCCUPATION
NEIGHBOURHOODS
GOVERNMENT
FATHER'S OCCUPATIONAL STATUS
MOTOR VEHICLES
SKILLED WORKERS
SUPERSTITION
DRUG ABUSE
PRISON SENTENCES
NATIONAL POLICY
UNEMPLOYED
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
LAND OWNERSHIP
PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
UNMARRIED MOTHERS
FRAUD
PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS
SATISFACTION
SOCIAL SECURITY
DISCRIMINATION
INCOME
WOMEN'S RIGHTS
MARKET ECONOMY
LEGAL SYSTEMS
SELF-EMPLOYED
RACIAL PREJUDICE
CYCLING
SCHOOL PRAYERS
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
DOMESTIC SERVICES
VEHICLE RESTRAINT SYSTEMS
LIVING ABROAD
DEATH PENALTY
ELECTRIC LIGHTING
PREDESTINATION
PUBLIC EXPENDITURE
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS
BREAD-WINNERS
SOCIAL LIFE
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY
POWER ELITE
OBJECTIVES
SMOKING
PRAYER
CHILDREN
CIVIL SERVICE
SEX EDUCATION
OCCUPATIONS
ARTS
LEGISLATURE
MORAL VALUES
SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR
PRICES
SOCIAL PARTICIPATION
MEDICAL RESEARCH
COMMUNITY IDENTIFICATION
EQUAL PAY
INFLATION
OCCUPATIONAL TRAINING
POLITICIANS
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
UNIVERSITY COURSES
QUALIFICATIONS
STANDARD OF LIVING
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE
ECONOMIC GROWTH
LEISURE TIME
HOME OWNERSHIP
EMPLOYERS
FATHER'S EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
SECOND LANGUAGES
AIR POLLUTION
FATHER'S ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
SOCIAL AND WELFARE POLICY
SUPERVISORS
PATRIOTISM
CHILD CARE
HEALTH SERVICES
VOTING INTENTION
ASTROLOGY
GOVERNMENT POLICY
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
VILLAGES
HEALTH
WEALTH
MOTHERS
PARENTAL DEPRIVATION
PERSONAL EFFICACY
TIED HOUSING
PLACE OF BIRTH
MANUAL WORKERS
NATIONALIZATION
WORKING MOTHERS
WORKING WOMEN
Religion and values - Society and culture
RENTED ACCOMMODATION
330
STATE RESPONSIBILITY
WATER METERS
International micro data - Major studies
INTERGROUP RELATIONS
WORKING CONDITIONS
GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS
IMMORTALITY
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
LOANS
SHOPKEEPERS
LABOUR MIGRATION
POLITICAL ATTITUDES
PRICE CONTROL
SEX DISCRIMINATION
RIGHT TO PRIVACY
PAMPHLETS
FIELDS OF STUDY
TIME BUDGETS
CAREER DEVELOPMENT
LEGISLATION
HEATING SYSTEMS
DISEASES
SPOUSES
PROFESSIONAL PERSONNEL
FOREIGNERS
EQUAL RIGHTS OF MEN AND WOMEN
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http://purl.org/poi/iesr.ac.uk/1201881158-12666Abstract
The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is a continuing annual programme of cross-national collaboration on surveys covering topics important for social science research. It brings together pre-existing national social science projects and co-ordinates research goals, thereby adding a cross-national, cross-cultural perspective to the individual, national studies. Formed in 1983, the group develops topical modules dealing with important areas of social science as supplements to regular national surveys. Every survey includes questions about general attitudes toward various social issues such as the legal system, sex, and the economy. Special topics have included the environment, the role of government, social inequality, social support, family and gender issues, work orientation, the impact of religious background, behaviour, and beliefs on social and political preferences, and national identity. Participating countries vary for each topical module. The merging of the data into a cross-national dataset is performed by the Zentralarchiv fuer Empirische Sozialforschung, University of Cologne. A compact disc (CD-ROM) (archived under SN 3479) containing data and documentation for ISSP surveys carried out 1985-1996, 1998, 2000 and 2002 is available from the UKDA. Main Topics:The CD-ROM contains the complete collection of data and documentation of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) between 1985 and 1996, 1998, 2000. In these years, the ISSP conducted twelve different Social Science Surveys in up to 30 countries. The collection comprises the following titles: 1985 - Role of Government I (6 countries) (ZA 1490,UKDA 2448) 1986 - Social Networks and Support Systems (7 countries) (ZA 1620, UKDA 2560) 1987 - Social Inequality I (10 countries) (ZA 1680,UKDA 2702) 1988 - Family and Changing Sex Roles I (8 countries) (ZA 1700, UKDA 2744) 1989 - Work Orientations I (10 countries) (ZA 1840, UKDA 2864) 1990 - Role of Government II (9 countries) (ZA 1950, UKDA 2956) 1991 - Religion (16 countries) (ZA 2150, UKDA 3062) 1992 - Social Inequality II (17 countries) (ZA 2310, UKDA 3498) 1993 - Environment (20 countries) (ZA 2450, UKDA 3473) 1994 - Family and Changing Gender Roles II (22 countries) (ZA 2620, UKDA 3584) 1995 - National Identity (22 countries) (ZA 2880, UKDA 3809) 1996 - Role of Government III (23 countries) (ZA 2900, UKDA 4480) 1998 - Religion 11 (30 countries) (ZA 3190, UKDA 4482) 2000 - Environment 2000 (34 countries) (ZA 3440, UKDA 4827) 2002 - Family and Changing Gender Roles III (34 countries) (ZA 3880, UKDA 5018) Additionally, the 1985 and 1990 surveys, Role of the Government I and II, have been cumulated for those countries and those variables which have been included in both surveys: 1985/1990 - Role of the Government I/II (5 countries) (ZA 2240, UKDA 3499). All of the above are also available as separate datasets. The data for 1997, 1999 and 2001 are available separately on dedicated CD ROMs.Type
CollectionIdentifier
oai:iesr.ac.uk:1201881158-12666http://purl.org/poi/iesr.ac.uk/1201881158-12666
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International Social Survey Programme, 1985-1996, 1998, 2000 and 2002: CollectionThe International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is a continuing annual programme of cross-national collaboration on surveys covering topics important for social science research. It brings together pre-existing national social science projects and co-ordinates research goals, thereby adding a cross-national, cross-cultural perspective to the individual, national studies. Formed in 1983, the group develops topical modules dealing with important areas of social science as supplements to regular national surveys. Every survey includes questions about general attitudes toward various social issues such as the legal system, sex, and the economy. Special topics have included the environment, the role of government, social inequality, social support, family and gender issues, work orientation, the impact of religious background, behaviour, and beliefs on social and political preferences, and national identity. Participating countries vary for each topical module. The merging of the data into a cross-national dataset is performed by the Zentralarchiv fuer Empirische Sozialforschung, University of Cologne. A compact disc (CD-ROM) (archived under SN 3479) containing data and documentation for ISSP surveys carried out 1985-1996, 1998, 2000 and 2002 is available from the UKDA. Main Topics:The CD-ROM contains the complete collection of data and documentation of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) between 1985 and 1996, 1998, 2000. In these years, the ISSP conducted twelve different Social Science Surveys in up to 30 countries. The collection comprises the following titles: 1985 - Role of Government I (6 countries) (ZA 1490,UKDA 2448) 1986 - Social Networks and Support Systems (7 countries) (ZA 1620, UKDA 2560) 1987 - Social Inequality I (10 countries) (ZA 1680,UKDA 2702) 1988 - Family and Changing Sex Roles I (8 countries) (ZA 1700, UKDA 2744) 1989 - Work Orientations I (10 countries) (ZA 1840, UKDA 2864) 1990 - Role of Government II (9 countries) (ZA 1950, UKDA 2956) 1991 - Religion (16 countries) (ZA 2150, UKDA 3062) 1992 - Social Inequality II (17 countries) (ZA 2310, UKDA 3498) 1993 - Environment (20 countries) (ZA 2450, UKDA 3473) 1994 - Family and Changing Gender Roles II (22 countries) (ZA 2620, UKDA 3584) 1995 - National Identity (22 countries) (ZA 2880, UKDA 3809) 1996 - Role of Government III (23 countries) (ZA 2900, UKDA 4480) 1998 - Religion 11 (30 countries) (ZA 3190, UKDA 4482) 2000 - Environment 2000 (34 countries) (ZA 3440, UKDA 4827) 2002 - Family and Changing Gender Roles III (34 countries) (ZA 3880, UKDA 5018) Additionally, the 1985 and 1990 surveys, Role of the Government I and II, have been cumulated for those countries and those variables which have been included in both surveys: 1985/1990 - Role of the Government I/II (5 countries) (ZA 2240, UKDA 3499). All of the above are also available as separate datasets. The data for 1997, 1999 and 2001 are available separately on dedicated CD ROMs.
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World Values Survey, 1981-1984 and 1990-1993This series began as a set of surveys conducted in ten West European societies by the European Value Systems Study Group (EVSSG). The World Values Survey (WVS) grew out of those surveys and was initiated in 1981 to study the values and attitudes of mass publics across nations of different economic, educational, and cultural backgrounds. To date four waves have been conducted: 1981, 1990, 1995, and 1999-2001. The title of the series was changed to World Values Surveys and European Values Surveys with the addition of the 1995-1997 data. The WVS project explores the hypothesis that mass belief systems are changing in ways that have important economic, political, and social consequences. The surveys are based on stratified, multistage random samples of adult citizens aged 18 and older. The samples are selected in two stages. First, a random selection of sampling locations is made to ensure all types of locations are represented. Next, a random selection of individuals is drawn. Each study contains information from interviews conducted with 300 to 4,000 respondents per country. The samples for the 1995-1997 surveys are representative of societies with per capita incomes as low as $300 per year to $30,000 per year plus. The major substantive areas covered in all studies may be generally grouped as follows: The importance of work, family, friends, leisure time, politics, and religion; Attitudes toward government and religion, including how often respondents participated in group activities within religious and government organizations; Perceptions of economic, ethnic, religious, and political groups and feelings of trust and closeness toward these groups; Assessment of the relative importance of major problems facing the world and willingness to participate in solutions; Self-reported assessments of happiness and class identity. Demographic information includes family income, number of people residing in the home, size of locality, home ownership, region of residence, occupation of the head of household, and the respondent's age, sex, occupation, education, religion, religiosity, political party and union membership, and left-right political self-placement. Further information on the WVS, including background to the series, news and publications can be found at: http://wvs.isr.umich.edu/index.shtml and http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org A combined dataset containing the 1981-1982, 1990-1991 and 1995-97 waves of the values surveys can be analyzed at the following website: http://nds.umdl.umich.edu/cgi/s/sda/hsda?harcWEVS+wevs World Values Survey, 1981-1984 and 1990-1993 This data collection is designed to enable crossnational comparison of values and norms in a wide variety of areas and to monitor changes in values and attitudes of mass publics in 45 societies around the world. Broad topics covered are work, the meaning and purpose of life, family life, and contemporary social issues. Respondents were asked to rate the importance of work, family, friends, leisure time, politics, and religion in their lives. They were also asked how satisfied they were with their present lives, whether they tended to persuade others close to them, whether they discussed political matters, and how they viewed society. Questions relating to work included what aspects were important to them in a job, the pride they took in their work, their satisfaction with the present job, and their views on owner/state/employee management of business. Respondents were asked about the groups and associations they belonged to and which ones they worked for voluntarily, the level of trust they had in most people, the groups they would not want as neighbors, their general state of health, and whether they felt they had free choice and control over their lives. A wide range of items was included on the meaning and purpose of life, such as respondents' views on the value of scientific advances, the demarcation of good and evil, and religious behavior and beliefs. Respondents were queried about whether they shared the same attitudes toward religion, morality, politics, and sexual mores with their partner and parents, their views on marriage and divorce, qualities important for a child to learn, whether a child needs both parents to grow up happy, views on mothers working outside the home, views on abortion, and whether marriage is an outdated institution. Questions regarding political issues probed for respondents' opinions of various forms of political action and the likelihood of their taking an action, the most important aims for their countries, confidence in various civil and governmental institutions, and whether they felt divorce, abortion, suicide, cheating on taxes, lying, and other such actions were ever justified. Additional information was gathered on family income, number of people residing in the home, size of locality, home ownership, region of residence, occupation of the head of household, and the respondent's age, sex, occupation, education, religion, religiosity, political party and union membership, and left-right political self-placement.
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World Values Survey, 1981-1984 and 1990-1993This series began as a set of surveys conducted in ten West European societies by the European Value Systems Study Group (EVSSG). The World Values Survey (WVS) grew out of those surveys and was initiated in 1981 to study the values and attitudes of mass publics across nations of different economic, educational, and cultural backgrounds. To date four waves have been conducted: 1981, 1990, 1995, and 1999-2001. The title of the series was changed to World Values Surveys and European Values Surveys with the addition of the 1995-1997 data. The WVS project explores the hypothesis that mass belief systems are changing in ways that have important economic, political, and social consequences. The surveys are based on stratified, multistage random samples of adult citizens aged 18 and older. The samples are selected in two stages. First, a random selection of sampling locations is made to ensure all types of locations are represented. Next, a random selection of individuals is drawn. Each study contains information from interviews conducted with 300 to 4,000 respondents per country. The samples for the 1995-1997 surveys are representative of societies with per capita incomes as low as $300 per year to $30,000 per year plus. The major substantive areas covered in all studies may be generally grouped as follows: The importance of work, family, friends, leisure time, politics, and religion; Attitudes toward government and religion, including how often respondents participated in group activities within religious and government organizations; Perceptions of economic, ethnic, religious, and political groups and feelings of trust and closeness toward these groups; Assessment of the relative importance of major problems facing the world and willingness to participate in solutions; Self-reported assessments of happiness and class identity. Demographic information includes family income, number of people residing in the home, size of locality, home ownership, region of residence, occupation of the head of household, and the respondent's age, sex, occupation, education, religion, religiosity, political party and union membership, and left-right political self-placement. Further information on the WVS, including background to the series, news and publications can be found at: http://wvs.isr.umich.edu/index.shtml and http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org A combined dataset containing the 1981-1982, 1990-1991 and 1995-97 waves of the values surveys can be analyzed at the following website: http://nds.umdl.umich.edu/cgi/s/sda/hsda?harcWEVS+wevs World Values Survey, 1981-1984 and 1990-1993 This data collection is designed to enable crossnational comparison of values and norms in a wide variety of areas and to monitor changes in values and attitudes of mass publics in 45 societies around the world. Broad topics covered are work, the meaning and purpose of life, family life, and contemporary social issues. Respondents were asked to rate the importance of work, family, friends, leisure time, politics, and religion in their lives. They were also asked how satisfied they were with their present lives, whether they tended to persuade others close to them, whether they discussed political matters, and how they viewed society. Questions relating to work included what aspects were important to them in a job, the pride they took in their work, their satisfaction with the present job, and their views on owner/state/employee management of business. Respondents were asked about the groups and associations they belonged to and which ones they worked for voluntarily, the level of trust they had in most people, the groups they would not want as neighbors, their general state of health, and whether they felt they had free choice and control over their lives. A wide range of items was included on the meaning and purpose of life, such as respondents' views on the value of scientific advances, the demarcation of good and evil, and religious behavior and beliefs. Respondents were queried about whether they shared the same attitudes toward religion, morality, politics, and sexual mores with their partner and parents, their views on marriage and divorce, qualities important for a child to learn, whether a child needs both parents to grow up happy, views on mothers working outside the home, views on abortion, and whether marriage is an outdated institution. Questions regarding political issues probed for respondents' opinions of various forms of political action and the likelihood of their taking an action, the most important aims for their countries, confidence in various civil and governmental institutions, and whether they felt divorce, abortion, suicide, cheating on taxes, lying, and other such actions were ever justified. Additional information was gathered on family income, number of people residing in the home, size of locality, home ownership, region of residence, occupation of the head of household, and the respondent's age, sex, occupation, education, religion, religiosity, political party and union membership, and left-right political self-placement.