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Mining Together : Large-Scale Mining Meets Artisanal Mining, A Guide for ActionThe present guide mining together-when large-scale mining meets artisanal mining is an important step to better understanding the conflict dynamics and underlying issues between large-scale and small-scale mining. This guide for action not only points to some of the challenges that both parties need to deal with in order to build a more constructive relationship, but most importantly it sheds more light on some potential interventions for conflict prevention, management, and even transformation. This guide, then, represents a step in the right direction to start transforming the relationship between large-scale and artisanal miners through win-win solutions that emerge out of the genuine interaction and dialogue of all stakeholders involved: governments, companies, communities, miners and development organizations. Large-Scale Mining (LSM) companies increasingly come across Artisanal and Small-scale Mining (ASM) workers during their exploration or production activities in the developing world. The ASM-LSM relationship is often conflictual because both types of miners compete for the same resource or because they perceive each other as a threat. However the ASM-LSM relationship is now also undergoing a largely positive evolution in part thanks to new Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) commitments. This guide is the result of this collaboration and provides an informative overview of the growing experiences of the most typical ASM-LSM issues and guidance for appropriate interventions.
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Sector Licensing StudiesThis report is intended to provide
 guidance on best practices in mining licensing, based on
 examples from low, middle and high income countries in
 Africa, Asia, North America, and South America. It is not a
 'how-to guide' or a licensing implementation
 toolkit, but rather identifies certain common features of
 successful mining licensing regimes worldwide that other
 national or sub-national jurisdictions might usefully
 incorporate in new mining laws and regulations or revisions
 or existing ones. The case studies and other examples of
 good and bad practice are intended to provide a
 cross-section by geography and by income level, and they
 demonstrate that the prevalence of good and bad practices is
 not simply a function of income level. Tanzania, one of the
 poorest countries in the world, has in many respects a
 better licensing regime than either South Africa or the U.S.
 State of Wisconsin. In considering these complex issues, it
 has proven difficult to confine the discussion purely to
 questions of licensing. Discussion of licensing invariably
 invokes reference to overall policy and investment climate
 issues, environmental protection, labor law, taxation,
 national and sub-national jurisdiction, land tenure, and
 much more. This report makes no attempt to address all of
 these in detail but refers to them in reference to their
 interactions with and effect on, licensing itself. Far more
 detailed research on mineral policy, taxation, investment
 climate, and other issues has been carried out, some of it
 referred to in this report and cited in the footnotes and bibliography.
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Transparency in Revenues from Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining of Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten and Gold in BurundiBurundi has a wide range of mineral
 deposits of which tin, tantalum and tungsten ores, along
 with gold, are its primary mineral exports. Burundi’s
 geological endowment also includes nickel, rare earths,
 vanadium, and construction materials. The majority of
 mineral extraction is carried out by artisanal and
 small-scale mining (ASM) which is officially structured
 through cooperatives. Tin, tantalum, tungsten (from the
 minerals cassiterite, tantalite and wolframite and often
 referred to as the ‘3Ts’) and gold are the primary minerals
 mined and exported. Improvements in the gold sector are
 where the Burundian Government stands to make the greatest
 gains though this is complex to achieve and needs a very
 practical strategy which is grounded in market and trade
 realities. Taxation is one element of this but should not be
 considered in isolation. Engagement with the existing market
 and finding incentives for formalization is essential. The
 Government of Burundi should showcase its efforts to improve
 transparency and traceability. The next step will be to use
 EITI and iTSCi standards to help to meet the basic needs of
 artisanal mining communities and to contribute to
 formalization. This will promote positive perceptions and
 acceptance of both systems to the benefit of Burundi’s
 mineral sector and national revenues.